(a.) Of or pertaining to consonants; made up of, or containing many, consonants.
(n.) An articulate sound which in utterance is usually combined and sounded with an open sound called a vowel; a member of the spoken alphabet other than a vowel; also, a letter or character representing such a sound.
Example Sentences:
(1) In addition, they were tested with dichotic listening for correct reports of consonant-vowel syllables.
(2) There is recent evidence that children naturally divide syllables into the opening consonant or consonant cluster (the onset) and the rest of the syllable (the rime).
(3) A rise in lactate dehydrogenase levels consonant with the amount of hemolysis is observed.
(4) Children in the first group were provided training by their parents that was intended to focus the child's attention on consonants in syllables or words and to teach discrimination between correctly and incorrectly articulated consonants.
(5) Test items in each of the 4 groups therefore contained different amounts of information regarding the nature of the following vowel, due to coarticulatory influences of the vowel on the preceding consonants.
(6) Eighty-six adults serially recalled lists of visually presented consonant letters similar in auditory or visual features or dissimilar in both feature sets.
(7) Coarticulatory effects of the vowel on the aperiodic portion were found to (1) occur early in the aperiodic portion, (2) vary with consonant and vowel, and (3) vary with vowel feature.
(8) Three male and 2 female subjects produced six repetitions of 12 utterances that were initiated and terminated by vowels and consonants of differing phonetic features.
(9) This repeated analysis should reassure physicians that isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for tuberculin skin test reactors is beneficial to the individual and consonant with public health policies.
(10) The perception of voicing in final velar stop consonants was investigated by systematically varying vowel duration, change in offset frequency of the final first formant (F1) transition, and rate of frequency change in the final F1 transition for several vowel contexts.
(11) Empowerment may be found through a moral economy grounded in use value appropriate to advanced industrial society that is consonant with Gramsci's new hegemony.
(12) The changes observed following exposure of HUVEC to heparin are consonant with the view that glycosaminoglycans may affect endothelial production of fibrinolytic components.
(13) Two reading passages, one with nasal consonants and one without, were tape-recorded for 72 subjects: 34 selected as having precise articulation and 38 selected as having imprecise articulation.
(14) Unlike intact acidotic and glucocorticoid-supplemented ADX acidotic rats, glutamine extraction was disassociated from the delivered glutamine load consonant with the role of glucocorticoid in coupling cellular glutamine transport to its metabolic utilization.
(15) The major findings were as follows: (1) no significant difference was found in consonant identification scores between aperiodic, aperiodic + vocalic transition, and vocalic transition segments in CV syllables compared to those in VC syllables; (2) consonant identifications from vocalic transition + vowel segments in VC syllables were significantly greater than those from vocalic transition + vowel segments in CV syllables; (3) no significant difference was found in vowel identification scores between aperiodic + vocalic transition, vocalic transition + vowel, and vocalic transition segments in CV syllables compared to those in VC syllables; and (4) vowel identifications from aperiodic segments were significantly greater in CV syllables than in VC syllables.
(16) Minimal pairs differing only in the voicing feature of the initial consonant were produced by four SLI and four language-matched NL children.
(17) Variation of the reaction rate with substrate concentration suggests a diffusion-limited process, consonant with the fact that enzyme and substrate are associated with particles of enormous sizes (the fat cell and the lipid droplet, respectively).
(18) The implant provided information about the amplitude envelope of the speech and the estimated frequency of the main spectral peak between 800 and 4000 Hz, which was useful for consonant recognition.
(19) Generalization data indicated that the child learned 16 word-initial consonants following treatment of only three sets of maximal opposition contrasts.
(20) Acoustic information about the place of articulation of a prevocalic nasal consonant is distributed over two distinct signal portions, the nasal murmur and the onset of the following vowel.
Obstruent
Definition:
(a.) Causing obstruction; blocking up; hindering; as, an obstruent medicine.
(n.) Anything that obstructs or closes a passage; esp., that which obstructs natural passages in the body; as, a medicine which acts as an obstruent.
Example Sentences:
(1) Low age-weighted scores on production of velars, liquids, and postvocalic singleton obstruents, along with elevated thresholds at 500 Hz and a history of early onset and late remission from OME, were the most important variables characterizing children who did not catch up phonologically by age 3.
(2) As expected, glottal vibration extended over a longer time in the obstruent interval for voiced fricatives than for voiceless fricatives, and there were more extensive transitions of the first formant adjacent to voiced fricatives than for the voiceless cognates.
(3) High correlations were evident between accelerometric and EAI values when a stimulus sentence contained obstruents, semivowels, and vowels.
(4) Fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), using a 20-ms Hamming window, were calculated every 10 ms from the onset of the obstruent through the third cycle of the following vowel.
(5) Also, both long and short vowels are lengthened by some 25 msec when followed by medial voiced obstruents.
(6) The present study investigated whether this vowel length cue influenced listeners when hearing stimuli with ambiguous vowel duration in an identical, neutralized consonantal context in which the underlying representation of the obstruent following the vowel differed in voicing.
(7) Third, the RMS intensities for obstruent sounds, particularly stop consonants, is greater in clear speech than in conversational speech.
(8) The Authors describe a test performed on 20 hospitalized patients aged between 22 and 80, suffering from obstruent chronic broncho-pneumopathy.
(9) At initial testing the two groups were found to differ significantly in scores on postvocalic singleton obstruent omission, velar deviation, and stridency deletion.
(10) A production study was conducted to investigate the effect of vowel lengthening before voiced obstruents, and the possible influence that the openness versus closedness of syllables have on the temporal structure of vowels in some languages.
(11) Thirdly, a fortis obstruent in second position heightens lenis perception in the preceding stop by auditory contrast, not by its phonological status.
(12) A statistical procedure for classifying word-initial voiceless obstruents is described.
(13) Acoustic analyses of Jenny's utterances following decannulation revealed a tenth of the canonical syllables which might be expected in normally developing infants, an extremely small inventory of consonant-like segments, and a marked preference for labial obstruents.
(14) The findings suggested a mixed form of angina pectoris with both vasospasm and obstruent prearterioles.
(15) Ischaemic cardiac disease is usually diagnosed in patients with obstruent coronary arteries.
(16) Dutch has underlying contrasts both in obstruent voicing and in vowel length.
(17) The data set to which the analysis was applied consisted of monosyllabic words starting with a voiceless obstruent.
(18) Simple aspiration through the needle may occasionally open the catheter by removing small obstruents, but in many instances, insertion of an another ventricular needle through the large hole and combined irrigation are indispensable.
(19) It has been commonly observed in the speech of English-speaking adults and children that vowels are longer when they precede voiced versus voiceless final obstruents.
(20) The Chinese subjects who were native speakers of a language that permits obstruents in word-final position seemed to benefit more from the training than those whose native language (L1) has no word-final obstruents.