(n.) Union or connection; the state of touching or contact.
(n.) The quality or state of being contingent or casual; the possibility of coming to pass.
(n.) An event which may or may not occur; that which is possible or probable; a fortuitous event; a chance.
(n.) An adjunct or accessory.
(n.) A certain possible event that may or may not happen, by which, when happening, some particular title may be affected.
Example Sentences:
(1) The interresponse-time reinforcement contingencies inherent in these schedules may actually mask the effects of overall reinforcement rate; thus differences in response rate as a function of reinforcement rate when interresponse-time reinforcement is eliminated may be underestimated.
(2) The effects of learning history were evident on sessions 4 and 5 when the same consequence was contingent upon the performance of all groups.
(3) However, during massed testing, all subjects trained with response contingent CS termination showed an overall extinction influence, which was most pronounced in the medial subgroup, although the laterals showed frequency control as well.
(4) Aggressive responding was maintained by contingent presentation of periods free of point subtractions, i.e., provocations.
(5) The aim in postoperative pain therapy is a time-contingent dosing after careful intravenous titration of the compound in the lower dose range during continuous supervision.
(6) The results indicate that behavior in transition states maintained by reinforcement contingencies in the radial maze is similar to that maintained by extended chained schedules, despite the fact that some of the stimuli controlling behavior in the maze are absent at the moment behavior is emitted.
(7) He said there were a sufficient number of shifts at Heathrow to maintain "a full immigration desk policy" and insisted the contingency planning for security at the Games, which had seen more than 18,000 military personnel called in, meant the government had enough troops in place or in reserve to make up for the G4S staffing fiasco.
(8) The bill is due to become law in the summer and is already forcing the party to make contingency plans including the possible sale of property.
(9) The level of disruption to services will vary widely and depend on the number of staff joining the strike, the mitigating impact of the NHS’s contingency planning and how many patients need acute care, such as A&E care or surgery.
(10) For each subject, reinforcers (money) were contingent upon responses on each of two panels: (1) a matching panel for working matching-to-sample problems, and (2) a sample panel for producing the sample stimulus.
(11) These interventions are effective, however, only as long as the contingencies are in effect.
(12) In contrast, rudiments of internal organs provided their own contingent of endothelial precursors, a process termed vasculogenesis.
(13) In this experiment, reward and punishment contingencies were directly manipulated to produce approach and withdrawal emotional states.
(14) Development of an aorta and pulmonary trunk with tricuspid semilunar valves appears to be contingent on the appearance of separate entwined ventricular ejection streams.
(15) In the present study, subjects with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were given four behavioural measures of executive function, two measures of posterior nonexecutive function, and a Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) task, a proposed electrophysiological index of frontal-lobe functioning.
(16) Using contingency table analysis, we found the following were significantly related to clinical hydrocephalus: increasing age; preexisting hypertension; admission blood pressure measurements; postoperative hypertension; admission CT findings of intraventricular hemorrhage, a diffuse collection of subarachnoid blood, and a thick focal collection of subarachnoid blood; posterior circulation site of aneurysm; focal ischemic deficits; use of antifibrinolytic drugs preoperatively; hyponatremia; admission level of consciousness; and a low score on the Glasgow outcome scale.
(17) Rats were trained to perform shuttle responses to a buzzer in four different situations: pseudoconditioning or D test (buzzers and footshocks presented at random), classical conditioning or DP test (buzzers and footshocks paired on every trial), avoidance without stimulus pairing or DC test (buzzer-shock intervals varied at random, shocks contingent upon non-emission of a shuttle response to the preceding buzzer), and standard two-way avoidance or DPC test (buzzers paired to shocks, but the latter omitted every time there was shuttling to the buzzer).
(18) The results support the assumption of the distraction arousal model used as an interpretation of these effects on contingent negative variation and suggest that high CO absorbing smokers possibly depend more on neuropharmacological effects of smoking than smokers with a low amount of CO absorption.
(19) Single-case methodology was used to evaluate the effectiveness of contingent reinforcement in promoting head posture in an adult brain-injured male.
(20) Experiment II indicated that a severely retarded male would also work at a high work rate under a self-determined reinforcement contingency.
Ultimatum
Definition:
(n.) A final proposition, concession, or condition; especially, the final propositions, conditions, or terms, offered by either of the parties in a diplomatic negotiation; the most favorable terms a negotiator can offer, the rejection of which usually puts an end to the hesitation.
Example Sentences:
(1) The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (Scaf) made clear that it would stick to an ultimatum it gave Morsi on Monday that urged the embattled president to respond to a wave of mass protests within 48 hours or face an intervention which would in effect subsume his government.
(2) I wonder if this form of ultimatum, which Mr. Winston condemns, is likely to increase now that this operation is performed under a fee-for-service system?
(3) Delivering ultimatums is a sorry way to go about a ministry, but we will hang on by our fingertips, sad and furious in equal measure, until the authority of women and men is accepted by the church we love but, at times like this, find impossible to defend.
(4) Egypt's president, Mohamed Morsi , vowed to protect his presidency with his life on Tuesday night, hours before an ultimatum from the leader of Egypt's armed forces is due to expire.
(5) The tiny republic said it would consign the Yugoslav federation to history unless its ultimatum was met within days.
(6) "We would like to propose to the Russian side that before issuing ultimatums to a sovereign and independent state, it turn its attention to the disastrous conditions and complete powerlessness of its own national minorities, including the Ukrainian one," read the statement.
(7) Merkel and Sarkozy, in issuing their ultimatum to Greece on Wednesday night, acknowledged that is possible for a country to leave the eurozone.
(8) Martin Rowson on the Greek crisis negotiations – cartoon Read more “After five months of hard negotiations our partners, unfortunately, ended up making a proposal that was an ultimatum towards Greek democracy and the Greek people,” he said in a national address, “an ultimatum at odds with the founding principles and values of Europe , the values of our common European construction.” The leader, who only hours earlier had rejected the proposed reforms after several days of high-stakes talks in Brussels, said Greeks now faced a “historic responsibility” to respond to the ultimatum.
(9) The warships remained anchored in the Crimean port of Sevastopol early on Tuesday, a day after Ukrainian authorities claimed that Russian forces had issued an ultimatum for the ships to surrender or be seized.
(10) One nicotine-free boyfriend issued me with an ultimatum to quit: "I love you and I just want to know that you won't die after we get married."
(11) Merkel's chief of staff, Ronald Pofalla, who is responsible for overseeing the German intelligence services, signalled that Berlin had delivered an ultimatum to Washington.
(12) Yet the moment we proposed the benchmarks, canvassed support for an ultimatum, there was an immediate recourse to the language of the veto.
(13) UPDATE: The Russian defence ministry denies any such ultimatum .
(14) He recently claimed that Bon Jovi offered him an ultimatum: “Join or leave.” “I said I wanted a break.
(15) Leaders in Brussels spoke of the worst crisis in Europe since the second world war, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) set ultimatums before the 17 countries of the single currency, and international ratings agencies classified the bailout terms for Greece as a likely default.
(16) March 3, 2014 UPDATE: Oksana Grytsenko called a Ukrainian navy spokesman, who told her “as far as I know” an ultimatum “has been voiced”, but he referred to a different time for the ultimatum than originally reported by Interfax, which – conflicting times for the assigned zero-hour – would seem to undercut the whole point of an ultimatum.
(17) Jeroen Dijsselbloem, the Dutch finance minister who will chair next week’s Luxembourg meeting, delivered an ultimatum to Athens, warning it would be left “alone” if it did not meet the creditors’ terms for securing remaining bailout funds.
(18) Then, in April, the men returned following Chowdhury's ultimatum.
(19) The whole national health system has undergone cost cuts to comply with an ultimatum from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund; otherwise, sorely needed dollar loans would not be forthcoming.
(20) Addressing parliament ahead of the crucial vote, Tsipras, who succumbed to the demands of foreign lenders earlier this month – accepting an ultimatum to find €12bn of savings, by far the heaviest austerity package to date – conceded that his government had been defeated.