(a.) Possible, or liable, but not certain, to occur; incidental; casual.
(a.) Dependent on that which is undetermined or unknown; as, the success of his undertaking is contingent upon events which he can not control.
(a.) Dependent for effect on something that may or may not occur; as, a contingent estate.
(n.) An event which may or may not happen; that which is unforeseen, undetermined, or dependent on something future; a contingency.
(n.) That which falls to one in a division or apportionment among a number; a suitable share; proportion; esp., a quota of troops.
Example Sentences:
(1) The interresponse-time reinforcement contingencies inherent in these schedules may actually mask the effects of overall reinforcement rate; thus differences in response rate as a function of reinforcement rate when interresponse-time reinforcement is eliminated may be underestimated.
(2) The effects of learning history were evident on sessions 4 and 5 when the same consequence was contingent upon the performance of all groups.
(3) However, during massed testing, all subjects trained with response contingent CS termination showed an overall extinction influence, which was most pronounced in the medial subgroup, although the laterals showed frequency control as well.
(4) Aggressive responding was maintained by contingent presentation of periods free of point subtractions, i.e., provocations.
(5) The aim in postoperative pain therapy is a time-contingent dosing after careful intravenous titration of the compound in the lower dose range during continuous supervision.
(6) The results indicate that behavior in transition states maintained by reinforcement contingencies in the radial maze is similar to that maintained by extended chained schedules, despite the fact that some of the stimuli controlling behavior in the maze are absent at the moment behavior is emitted.
(7) He said there were a sufficient number of shifts at Heathrow to maintain "a full immigration desk policy" and insisted the contingency planning for security at the Games, which had seen more than 18,000 military personnel called in, meant the government had enough troops in place or in reserve to make up for the G4S staffing fiasco.
(8) The bill is due to become law in the summer and is already forcing the party to make contingency plans including the possible sale of property.
(9) The level of disruption to services will vary widely and depend on the number of staff joining the strike, the mitigating impact of the NHS’s contingency planning and how many patients need acute care, such as A&E care or surgery.
(10) For each subject, reinforcers (money) were contingent upon responses on each of two panels: (1) a matching panel for working matching-to-sample problems, and (2) a sample panel for producing the sample stimulus.
(11) These interventions are effective, however, only as long as the contingencies are in effect.
(12) In contrast, rudiments of internal organs provided their own contingent of endothelial precursors, a process termed vasculogenesis.
(13) In this experiment, reward and punishment contingencies were directly manipulated to produce approach and withdrawal emotional states.
(14) Development of an aorta and pulmonary trunk with tricuspid semilunar valves appears to be contingent on the appearance of separate entwined ventricular ejection streams.
(15) In the present study, subjects with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were given four behavioural measures of executive function, two measures of posterior nonexecutive function, and a Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) task, a proposed electrophysiological index of frontal-lobe functioning.
(16) Using contingency table analysis, we found the following were significantly related to clinical hydrocephalus: increasing age; preexisting hypertension; admission blood pressure measurements; postoperative hypertension; admission CT findings of intraventricular hemorrhage, a diffuse collection of subarachnoid blood, and a thick focal collection of subarachnoid blood; posterior circulation site of aneurysm; focal ischemic deficits; use of antifibrinolytic drugs preoperatively; hyponatremia; admission level of consciousness; and a low score on the Glasgow outcome scale.
(17) Rats were trained to perform shuttle responses to a buzzer in four different situations: pseudoconditioning or D test (buzzers and footshocks presented at random), classical conditioning or DP test (buzzers and footshocks paired on every trial), avoidance without stimulus pairing or DC test (buzzer-shock intervals varied at random, shocks contingent upon non-emission of a shuttle response to the preceding buzzer), and standard two-way avoidance or DPC test (buzzers paired to shocks, but the latter omitted every time there was shuttling to the buzzer).
(18) The results support the assumption of the distraction arousal model used as an interpretation of these effects on contingent negative variation and suggest that high CO absorbing smokers possibly depend more on neuropharmacological effects of smoking than smokers with a low amount of CO absorption.
(19) Single-case methodology was used to evaluate the effectiveness of contingent reinforcement in promoting head posture in an adult brain-injured male.
(20) Experiment II indicated that a severely retarded male would also work at a high work rate under a self-determined reinforcement contingency.
Incidental
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Weddellite calcification was associated with benign lesions in 16 cases, but incidental atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ were present, each in one case.
(2) The remaining case had a calibre persistent submucosal artery within the caecum that was found incidentally in a resection specimen.
(3) No increased incidence of pancreas divisum was found in any of four groups: an incidental group, a group with alcoholic pancreatitis, a group with unexplained upper abdominal pain, and an idiopathic pancreatitis group.
(4) (Incidentally, Australia had just revoked Blanc’s visa).
(5) We concluded that this case was incidentally successful with good regeneration of urethral mucosa of the anterior urethra by grafting a polytetrafluoroethylene tube.
(6) Whether the incidentally reported increase in multiword responses in some normal elderly forecasts an approaching dementia needs further research.
(7) As predicted, the blocking effect was found to be smaller in subjects who displayed a high degree of incidental learning in either of two tasks in which intentional vs. incidental learning corresponded to (1) words vs. word position, or (2) a target initial word letter vs. non-target initial letters.
(8) Unresolved etiological issues requiring clarification in the near future include the following: (1) Are stressful events important in the development of panic, or are they more incidentally related?
(9) We report on a 47-year-old man with a granular cell tumour of the appendix, discovered incidentally during surgery for a rectal adenocarcinoma that had been irradiated preoperatively.
(10) Incidental teaching and traditional discrete-trial procedures were used to teach two children with autism the expressive use of two color adjectives to describe preferred toys and food items.
(11) Ninety patients with a visually normal opposite ovary had no identifiable tumor in that ovary by investigative incision or incidental excision.
(12) It was intended, however, as a response to more radical reforms proposed by congressman Justin Amash, a Republican from Michigan, and is likely to have relatively limited impact on the NSA's ability to collect data on US citizens through incidental means, the so-called backdoor provisions , which was seen as a bigger threat as Snowden's revelations continued.
(13) The markedly dilated main pancreatic duct was noticed at the time of an incidental ultrasonogram during hospitalization for diabetes mellitus.
(14) Our data suggest that the risk for development of a wound infection after a staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease is increased by performing an incidental appendectomy as part of the procedure.
(15) 10.21am GMT Incidentally, we've just learned that September was a less cheery month for the eurozone.
(16) Ductal carcinoma in situ as an incidental finding may be treated by excision alone; papillary and micropapillary DCIS are best treated by therapy aimed at the entire breast, although axillary dissection may not be required.
(17) Nonfatal complications specifically related to splenectomy occurred in 15 per cent of patients with multi-organ injury and in 18 per cent of patients with incidental-accidental splenic removal.
(18) The use of other techniques, such as a gated blood pool scanning or computerized tomography, affects primarily the incidental discovery of a "silent" tumor.
(19) We report two patients receiving maintenance valproate, one with resolving acute hepatitis C and the other with chronic persistent hepatitis C, with incidental microvesicular steatosis demonstrated on oil-red O stains.
(20) It is recommended that incidental teaching procedures be included in future language development programs for children with autism.