(a.) Possible, or liable, but not certain, to occur; incidental; casual.
(a.) Dependent on that which is undetermined or unknown; as, the success of his undertaking is contingent upon events which he can not control.
(a.) Dependent for effect on something that may or may not occur; as, a contingent estate.
(n.) An event which may or may not happen; that which is unforeseen, undetermined, or dependent on something future; a contingency.
(n.) That which falls to one in a division or apportionment among a number; a suitable share; proportion; esp., a quota of troops.
Example Sentences:
(1) The interresponse-time reinforcement contingencies inherent in these schedules may actually mask the effects of overall reinforcement rate; thus differences in response rate as a function of reinforcement rate when interresponse-time reinforcement is eliminated may be underestimated.
(2) The effects of learning history were evident on sessions 4 and 5 when the same consequence was contingent upon the performance of all groups.
(3) However, during massed testing, all subjects trained with response contingent CS termination showed an overall extinction influence, which was most pronounced in the medial subgroup, although the laterals showed frequency control as well.
(4) Aggressive responding was maintained by contingent presentation of periods free of point subtractions, i.e., provocations.
(5) The aim in postoperative pain therapy is a time-contingent dosing after careful intravenous titration of the compound in the lower dose range during continuous supervision.
(6) The results indicate that behavior in transition states maintained by reinforcement contingencies in the radial maze is similar to that maintained by extended chained schedules, despite the fact that some of the stimuli controlling behavior in the maze are absent at the moment behavior is emitted.
(7) He said there were a sufficient number of shifts at Heathrow to maintain "a full immigration desk policy" and insisted the contingency planning for security at the Games, which had seen more than 18,000 military personnel called in, meant the government had enough troops in place or in reserve to make up for the G4S staffing fiasco.
(8) The bill is due to become law in the summer and is already forcing the party to make contingency plans including the possible sale of property.
(9) The level of disruption to services will vary widely and depend on the number of staff joining the strike, the mitigating impact of the NHS’s contingency planning and how many patients need acute care, such as A&E care or surgery.
(10) For each subject, reinforcers (money) were contingent upon responses on each of two panels: (1) a matching panel for working matching-to-sample problems, and (2) a sample panel for producing the sample stimulus.
(11) These interventions are effective, however, only as long as the contingencies are in effect.
(12) In contrast, rudiments of internal organs provided their own contingent of endothelial precursors, a process termed vasculogenesis.
(13) In this experiment, reward and punishment contingencies were directly manipulated to produce approach and withdrawal emotional states.
(14) Development of an aorta and pulmonary trunk with tricuspid semilunar valves appears to be contingent on the appearance of separate entwined ventricular ejection streams.
(15) In the present study, subjects with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were given four behavioural measures of executive function, two measures of posterior nonexecutive function, and a Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) task, a proposed electrophysiological index of frontal-lobe functioning.
(16) Using contingency table analysis, we found the following were significantly related to clinical hydrocephalus: increasing age; preexisting hypertension; admission blood pressure measurements; postoperative hypertension; admission CT findings of intraventricular hemorrhage, a diffuse collection of subarachnoid blood, and a thick focal collection of subarachnoid blood; posterior circulation site of aneurysm; focal ischemic deficits; use of antifibrinolytic drugs preoperatively; hyponatremia; admission level of consciousness; and a low score on the Glasgow outcome scale.
(17) Rats were trained to perform shuttle responses to a buzzer in four different situations: pseudoconditioning or D test (buzzers and footshocks presented at random), classical conditioning or DP test (buzzers and footshocks paired on every trial), avoidance without stimulus pairing or DC test (buzzer-shock intervals varied at random, shocks contingent upon non-emission of a shuttle response to the preceding buzzer), and standard two-way avoidance or DPC test (buzzers paired to shocks, but the latter omitted every time there was shuttling to the buzzer).
(18) The results support the assumption of the distraction arousal model used as an interpretation of these effects on contingent negative variation and suggest that high CO absorbing smokers possibly depend more on neuropharmacological effects of smoking than smokers with a low amount of CO absorption.
(19) Single-case methodology was used to evaluate the effectiveness of contingent reinforcement in promoting head posture in an adult brain-injured male.
(20) Experiment II indicated that a severely retarded male would also work at a high work rate under a self-determined reinforcement contingency.
Subject
Definition:
(a.) Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation.
(a.) Placed under the power of another; specifically (International Law), owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state; as, Jamaica is subject to Great Britain.
(a.) Exposed; liable; prone; disposed; as, a country subject to extreme heat; men subject to temptation.
(a.) Obedient; submissive.
(a.) That which is placed under the authority, dominion, control, or influence of something else.
(a.) Specifically: One who is under the authority of a ruler and is governed by his laws; one who owes allegiance to a sovereign or a sovereign state; as, a subject of Queen Victoria; a British subject; a subject of the United States.
(a.) That which is subjected, or submitted to, any physical operation or process; specifically (Anat.), a dead body used for the purpose of dissection.
(a.) That which is brought under thought or examination; that which is taken up for discussion, or concerning which anything is said or done.
(a.) The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece; the chief character.
(a.) That of which anything is affirmed or predicated; the theme of a proposition or discourse; that which is spoken of; as, the nominative case is the subject of the verb.
(a.) That in which any quality, attribute, or relation, whether spiritual or material, inheres, or to which any of these appertain; substance; substratum.
(a.) Hence, that substance or being which is conscious of its own operations; the mind; the thinking agent or principal; the ego. Cf. Object, n., 2.
(n.) The principal theme, or leading thought or phrase, on which a composition or a movement is based.
(n.) The incident, scene, figure, group, etc., which it is the aim of the artist to represent.
(v. t.) To bring under control, power, or dominion; to make subject; to subordinate; to subdue.
(v. t.) To expose; to make obnoxious or liable; as, credulity subjects a person to impositions.
(v. t.) To submit; to make accountable.
(v. t.) To make subservient.
(v. t.) To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white heat; to subject a person to a rigid test.
Example Sentences:
(1) The percentage of people with less than 10 TU titers is under 5% after the age of 5 years up to 15 years; from 15 to 60 years there are no subjects with undetectable ASO titer and after this age the percentage is still under 5%.
(2) Such a signal must be due to a small ferromagnetic crystal formed when the nerve is subjected to pressure, such as that due to mechanical injury.
(3) There was appreciable variation in toothbrush wear among subjects, some reducing their brush to a poor state in 2 weeks whereas with others the brush was rated as "good" after 10 weeks.
(4) Coronary arteritis has to be considered as a possible etiology of ischemic symptoms also in subjects who appear affected by typical atherosclerotic ischemic heart disease.
(5) When chimeric animals were subjected to a lethal challenge of endotoxin, their response was markedly altered by the transferred lymphoid cells.
(6) Parents of subjects at the experimental school were visited at home by a community health worker who provided individualized information on dental services and preventive strategies.
(7) All subjects completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, which measures the use and perceived effectiveness of a variety of cognitive and behavioral coping strategies in controlling and decreasing pain.
(8) Whether hen's egg yolk can be used as a sperm motility stimulant in the treatment of such conditions as asthenospermia and oligospermia is subjected for further study.
(9) Comparison with 194 age and sex matched subjects, without STD, were chosen as controls.
(10) The 14C-aminopyrine breath test was used to measure liver function in 14 normal subjects, 16 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 14 alcoholics without cirrhosis, and 29 patients taking a variety of drugs.
(11) Among the groups investigated, the subjects with gastric tumors presented the greatest values.
(12) In each study, all subjects underwent four replications (over two days) of one of the six permutations of the three experimental conditions; each condition lasted 5 min.
(13) Hoursoglou thinks a shortage of skilled people with a good grounding in core subjects such as maths and science is a potential problem for all manufacturers.
(14) The fate of the inhibited fungus is the subject of this report.
(15) When subjects centered themselves actively, or additionally, contracted trunk flexor or extensor muscles to predetermined levels of activity, no increase in trunk positioning accuracy was found.
(16) Side effect incidence in patients treated with the paracetamol-sobrerol combination (3.7%) was significantly lower than that observed in subjects treated with paracetamol (6.1% - P less than 0.01), salicylics (25.1% - P less than 0.001), pyrazolics (12.6% - P less than 0.001), propionics (20.3%, P less than 0.001) or other antipyretics (17.9% - P less than 0.001).
(17) Although lorazepam and haloperidol produced an equivalent mean decrease in aggression, significantly more subjects who received lorazepam had a greater decrease in aggression ratings than haloperidol recipients; this effect was independent of sedation.
(18) DI James Faulkner of Great Manchester police said: “The men and women working in the factory have told us that they were subjected to physical and verbal assaults at the hands of their employers and forced to work more than 80-hours before ending up with around £25 for their week’s work.
(19) Effects of habitual variations in napping on psychomotor performance, short-term memory and subjective states were investigated.
(20) These results could be explained by altered tissue blood flow and a decreased metabolic capacity of the liver in obese subjects.