(n.) Bark, as of a tree; hence, an outer covering.
(n.) Bark; rind; specifically, cinchona bark.
(n.) The outer or superficial part of an organ; as, the cortex or gray exterior substance of the brain.
Example Sentences:
(1) Gel filtration of the 40,000 rpm supernatant fraction of a homogenate of rat cerebral cortex on a Sepharose 6B column yielded two fractions: fraction II with the "Ca(2+) plus Mg(2+)-dependent" phosphodiesterase activity and fraction III containing its modulator.
(2) These findings may not indicate a redistribution of renal blood flow through resistance changes in specific parts of the renal vasculature but may represent the consequences of focal cortical ischaemia, most prominent in the outer cortex.
(3) The findings confirm and quantitate the severe atrophy of the neostriatum, in addition to demonstrating a severe loss of cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter in HD.
(4) The observation that phase reversals did not occur in area 29, together with the low incidence of phasic (rhythmic) theta-on cells, suggests that the posterior cingulate cortex does not independently generate type 2 theta.
(5) The use of functional test with the ACTH administration demonstrated organic affection of the CNS to sharply aggravate the weakening and even the exhaustion of the functional reserves of the glomerular and the reticular zones of the adrenal cortex developing during thyrotoxicosis, and also the reserve possibilities of the sympathico-adrenal system.
(6) In the kidneys the index of incorporation inthe epithelial cells of the renal cortex was 7.5-fold and in the brain cortex epithelium 15-fold as increased, respectively.
(7) Horizontal sections of the left cortex were reacted for the demonstration of HRP.
(8) A recent report suggested that neurons in the prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and primary motor cortex of the brains of schizophrenic subjects may be less dense than those in the brains of nonschizophrenic subjects.
(9) In this series there were 45 patients (40%) with independent focal interictal EEG epileptic abnormalities over frontobasal cortex (with or without independent spiking over interomedial temporal region).
(10) The corticotectal cells in the motor cortex differed from those in the premotor cortex in their size distribution; the former being small, the latter both small and large.
(11) In cases with unilateral hypoperfusion, the percentage of the activity in the lesion to that in the contralateral normal cortex on the early SPECT was correlated well with that on CBF measured by PET (r = 0.870, p less than 0.001).
(12) The pathway of ketogenesis in renal cortex must differ from that of the liver, as beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase is virtually absent from the kidney.
(13) Three animals received unilateral lesions which included both the inferior parietal lobule and a portion of adjacent dorsal prestriate cortex (IPL-PS).
(14) Total abolition of the CR ensued when the wave of CSD reached the motor (frontal) cortex and again was independent of the CS modality.
(15) After haemorrhage in conscious rabbits total renal blood flow fell by 25%, this fall being confined to the superficial renal cortex.
(16) Among the epileptic patients investigated by the stereotactic E. E. G. (Talairach) whose electrodes were introduced at or around the auditory cortex (Area 41, 42), the topography of the auditory responses by the electrical bipolar stimulation and that of the auditory evoked potential by the bilateral click sound stimulation were studied in relation to the ac--pc line (Talairach).
(17) Several types of neurons were differentiated on the basis of a study of neuronal activity in various parts of the cortex near the sulcus principalis during the execution of spatial delayed reactions by monkeys.
(18) However, at those times, autoradiographic images of the hippocampus and piriform cortex appeared distinctly different for [14C]2-deoxyglucose and [6(-14)C]glucose.
(19) Gonadectomy of females was accompanied by changes in the activity of individual HAS links in different direction--some reduction of ACTH in the hypophysis, a sharp and significant fall of the peripheral blood glucocorticoid level and a marked significant elevation of hydrococortisone production in the adrenal cortex in vitro.
(20) The alterations in DS frontal cortex included decreases in (n-6) and increases in (n-3) groups in choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (CPG and EPG), as had previously been found in EPG and serine phosphoglyceride (SPG) of the DS fetal brain.
Endoderm
Definition:
(n.) The inner layer of the skin or integument of an animal.
(n.) The innermost layer of the blastoderm and the structures derived from it; the hypoblast; the entoblast. See Illust. of Ectoderm.
Example Sentences:
(1) In contrast, F9ACC19, an endodermal cell line derived from F9 cells, synthesizes only minor amounts of lactosaminoglycans and a high proportion of smaller glycopeptides.
(2) Both genes are expressed in the fetal liver, gut, and visceral endoderm of the yolk sac and are repressed shortly after birth in the liver and gut.
(3) Examination of the two types of tissue fragments revealed that IS-treated ICMs almost invariably retained viable endoderm cells whereas MS-isolated ectoderms did so only exceptionally.
(4) LIF inhibits differentiation under several conditions which lead to endodermal and mesodermal cell lineages including skeletal and cardiac muscle.
(5) This epithelial cell was tentatively identified as primitive extraembryonic endoderm by its ultrastructural appearance and its possession of cytokeratin intermediate filaments.
(6) The majority of testicular germ cell tumors in adults are accompanied by neoplastic intratubular germ cells; these cells were uniformly absent in ten pure yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) of the testicle in children studied morphologically and immunohistochemically.
(7) After the treatment in toto of the embryos from various species of Anura by cAMP, the number of primordial germ cells (PGC) in genital ridges is strongly reduced; the most part of the PGC are found in the endoderm.
(8) Our experience suggests that the optimal management of patients with primary mediastinal endodermal sinus tumor requires an aggressive multidisciplinary approach guided by the extent of the tumor and the serum tumor marker levels.
(9) The tissues of the endodermal and mesodermal origin were also present in small quantities.
(10) Although the liver first forms as a discrete epithelial bud of endodermal tissue at stage 12-14 (45-53 h after laying), canaliculi were first detected by our antibodies at low levels in 4-day embryos and at high levels in stage 27 (5 days after laying) and later embryos.
(11) The cell cycle time of the gland cells appears to be longer than that of the epithelial cells of the endoderm throughout the animal.
(12) As development proceeded during primitive streak stages, the visceral and parietal endoderm became positively stained.
(13) The F9 cell is a mouse embryonal teratocarcinoma which can be induced to differentiate into visceral endoderm by treatment with retinoic acid (RA).
(14) Multiple hamartoma syndrome, also known as Cowden's disease, is a rare genodermatosis with multiple organ system involvement affecting tissues derived from ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal tissue layers.
(15) This finding suggests the identification of a cell population that is analogous to parietal endoderm in some eutherian animals.
(16) We recently showed that yolk sac is involved in the control of metabolism and action of vitamin D in the fetoplacental unit, since its endodermal cells contain a 24-hydroxylase for vitamin D metabolites and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor.
(17) These data thus demonstrate the production and presence of RBP mRNA and TTR mRNA, and the synthesis and secretion of RBP and TTR, by F9 cell embryoid bodies (specifically by visceral endoderm-like cells).
(18) We conclude that yolk-sac-derived teratomas are of endodermal origin because of the fact that the paternal X chromosome is inactivated in the yolk sac endoderm, whereas in the yolk sac mesoderm, as in the embryo, the inactivation is at random.
(19) A particularly interesting proteinase active at alkaline pH values is detected in the trophoblast-endoderm complex.
(20) It is therefore considered that, although there is good evidence that serum AAT is produced by endodermal sinus tumour elements, serum AAT is not a useful monitor of disease activity in these patients, especially when compared with serum AFP, the value of which is well recognized.