What's the difference between cortical and reeler?
Cortical
Definition:
(a.) Belonging to, or consisting of, bark or rind; resembling bark or rind; external; outer; superficial; as, the cortical substance of the kidney.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thirteen patients with bipolar affective illness who had received lithium therapy for 1-5 years were tested retrospectively for evidence of cortical dysfunction.
(2) These findings may not indicate a redistribution of renal blood flow through resistance changes in specific parts of the renal vasculature but may represent the consequences of focal cortical ischaemia, most prominent in the outer cortex.
(3) We studied the effects of the localisation and size of ischemic brain infarcts and the influence of potential covariates (gender, age, time since infarction, physical handicap, cognitive impairment, aphasia, cortical atrophy and ventricular size) on 'post-stroke depression'.
(4) Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured over 254 cortical regions during caloric vestibular stimulation with warm water (44 degrees C).
(5) The response selectivity, such as orientation and direction selectivities, of cortical cells was not affected by the depletion of ACh.
(6) In the dark cortical zone of the nodes (III group) there occur tissue basophils (mast cells), that, together with increasing number of acidophilic granulocytes and appearance of neutrophilic cells, demonstrates that there is an inflammatory reaction in the organ studied as a response to the lymphocytic suspension injected.
(7) Histopathological studies confirmed that mice fed 933cu-rev died from bilateral renal cortical tubular necrosis consistent with toxic insult, perhaps due to Shiga-like toxins.
(8) We reviewed the results of intraoperative monitoring of short-latency cortical evoked potentials in 81 patients who underwent surgical procedures of the cervical spine.
(9) of rats resulted in cell death and terminal degeneration in entorhinal, insular, and posterior cingulate cortices, and in the CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus sectors of hippocampus.
(10) Our data support the hypothesis that evoked and epileptiform magnetic fields result from intradendritic currents oriented perpendicular to the cortical surface.
(11) Four had partial simple seizures with secondary generalisation and 3 had cortical excisions (2 frontal, 1 occipital lobe) surgery.
(12) Pathological changes may, thus, be initially confined to projecting and intrinsic neurons localized in cortical and subcortical olfactory structures; arguments are advanced which favor the view that excitotoxic phenomena could be mainly responsible for the overall degenerative picture.
(13) Since only a few of these medium sized terminals in any one cluster degenerate after tectal lesions, and none degenerate after cortical lesions, it is suggested that the morphological arrangement of these clusters may permit the convergence of axons from several sources, some of which are unidentified, onto the same dendritic segment.
(14) Results show that responses to motion of cortical cells are particularly sensitive to these manipulations.
(15) These results suggest that the majority of D1 and D2 receptors in prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices are located postsynaptically on neurons intrinsic to the cortex.
(16) This variability, coupled with the lack of extreme specificity in the secondary auditory cortex, suggests that secondary cortical neurons are not well suited for the role of "vocalization detectors."
(17) The outstanding morphologic feature of cortical cells exposed to microunit ACTH concentrations for 40 min was the abundance of electron-dense granules (0.2-0.4 mum).
(18) The effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) or angiotensin III (ANG III) on renal cortical blood flow (CBF) or papillary blood flow (PBF) were investigated in Inactin-anesthetized young rats with the use of laser-Doppler flowmetry.
(19) Results are interpreted in terms of a hypothesized selective effect of alcohol on frontal cortical inhibitory functions.
(20) Axosomatic and axodendritic contacts were present in the cortices of the fetuses.
Reeler
Definition:
(n.) One who reels.
(n.) The grasshopper warbler; -- so called from its note.
Example Sentences:
(1) Although the reeler, an autosomal recessive mutant mouse with the abnormality of lamination in the central nervous system, died about 3 weeks of age when fed ordinary laboratory chow, this mouse could grow up normally and prolong its destined, short lifespan to 50 weeks and more when given assistance in taking paste food and water from the weaning period.
(2) The metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the CNS was investigated in four kinds of morphologically different ataxic mice; reeler, staggerer, weaver and Purkinje cell degeneration mutants, and in hypocerebellar mice experimentally produced by injection of cytosine arabinoside.
(4) Reeler is an autosomal recessive mutation of mice that alters neuronal migration during development, yielding a general inversion of the laminae in the neocortex.
(5) Unlike dissociated hippocampal pyramidal cells, which frequently resemble their in vivo morphology, dissociated dentate granule cells bear little resemblance to their normal in vivo counterparts, but are very similar in appearance to the ectopic granule cells seen in the reeler mouse.
(6) Although we cannot determine whether the Purkinje cell loss in reeler is a primary or secondary gene effect, the possibility that the reeler gene has its effect on migration through a primary effect on neurogenesis or cell survival should be considered.
(7) The reeler cerebellum, which possesses an abnormal cytoarchitecture with numerous ectopically located Purkinje cells, was stained histochemically for the presence of 5'-nucleotidase.
(8) The distribution of the perikarya of astrocytes and other glial cells in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus has been studied in gold chloride-sublimate preparations of rats and of normal and reeler mice, and in plastic embedded material from young adult rats.
(9) Nevertheless, while SS fibers in the normal cortex are most dense in layers I and V-VI, the reeler cortex exhibits little laminar heterogeneity in the distribution of these fibers.
(10) These comparative observations in normal and reeler mutant mice lend support to previous suggestions that L1, together with N-CAM, may play a role in the aggregation of neuronal cell bodies after migration and in the fasciculation of developing fiber bundles.
(11) This suggests that cell differentiation and the tangenital organization of reeler neocortex are normal despite cell malposition in the mutant.
(12) The specific content of P400 protein decreases in the cerebella from homozygous nervous and Purkinje cell degeneration mutant mice, where the total number of Purkinje cells is markedly reduced, and increases in those of the reeler and weaver mice where a deficit of the granule cells exists.
(13) Bergmann fibers and the distribution of Golgi epithelial cells were significantly altered in staggerer, reeler and double mutant (affected by both staggerer and reeler conditions).
(14) On the other hand, anomalies of Purkinje cells and Bergmann fibers, which are also present both in staggerer and reeler, did not follow the same additive change.
(15) However, in the reeler dentate gyrus, most postnatal cell proliferation occurs ectopically and in the hippocampus the normal "inside-out" sequence of neurogenesis is reversed, the earliest pyramidal cells generated coming to lie superficially within the stratum pyramidale and the later formed cells being added at progressively deeper levels.
(16) We performed a descriptive analysis on the arborization of dendritic processes of large pyramidal neurons in the motor cortex (hindlimb area) of normal and reeler mice, as seen in the Golgi preparations.
(17) In reeler, by contrast, fascicles of retinotectal axons are distributed through the entire thickness of SGS as well as through SO.
(18) It is evident from both cell-and fiber-stained sections that despite the obvious defect in the positioning of the hippocampal pyramidal and dentate granule cells in the reeler mouse within the radial dimension, the hippocampal formation as a whole shows a normal and consistent progression of cytoarchitectonic fields along its transverse axis, and a normal and consistent progression of changes in the structure of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus along their longitudinal axes.
(19) The characterization and thus the cloning of the reeler gene is therefore important for our understanding of brain development.
(20) The apical dendrites of the CC neurons in all layers of the cortex of the reeler mouse are randomly oriented; no direct relationship between the intracortical position of the soma and orientation of the apical dendrite was found.