What's the difference between corundum and sapphire?
Corundum
Definition:
(n.) The earth alumina, as found native in a crystalline state, including sapphire, which is the fine blue variety; the oriental ruby, or red sapphire; the oriental amethyst, or purple sapphire; and adamantine spar, the hair-brown variety. It is the hardest substance found native, next to the diamond.
Example Sentences:
(1) Guinea pig splenic lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophage cultures were incubated with quartz (DQ12), Corundum and aspirin as prostaglandin inhibitor.
(2) 3M discs and the rough corundum discs caused significantly more surface roughness of the Cosmic surface.
(3) The maximum values of tensile strength were measured when 200-250 microns corundum was used.
(4) Experiments carried out over a long period have shown that corundum ceramic is a strong material and is biologically inert.
(5) At desired time of incubation, the bacteria were washed with water, disintegrated with powdered corundum and in resulting cell-free extracts L-asparaginase activity was determined by the Conway method.
(6) Corundum produced no significant effect on the enzyme activity.
(7) The results showed that quartz induced a substantial increase of lipid peroxide in PAMs compared with both samples (dust-free or exposed to corundum).
(8) No adverse effects of corundum ceramics were noted.
(9) Corundum, which is sapphire, is number nine.” “The relative hardness of sapphire is 400, compared to quartz which is 100, so it is a lot harder than quartz,” Alford stressed.
(10) The results were compared with quartz dust as the known fibrogenic dust and emery dust (Corundum) was used as a control dust.
(11) Raman spectroscopy showed that both the socket and the beads are composed of alpha-Al2O3 (corundum), while the bioactive glass (alkaline and alkaline earth alumosilicate with a small quantity of zirconium oxide) showed this to have an intermediate structure between that of vitreous silica and that of the alkaline and alkaline earth disilicate glasses.
(12) All the lungs contained quartz and silicates and in most of the necropsy cases carborundum and corundum could also be shown.
(13) Quartz treatment did not alter esterase activity whereas corundum exposed cultures showed a decline.
(14) NH, a producer of glucoamylase, were cultivated in the presence of various supporting materials (three microspherical zeolitic particles, alpha-alumina and foam corundum).
(15) The results obtained showed that a significant inhibition of antibody formation to human albumin took place in animals with experimental silicosis in comparison with control rats that were given physiological saline or corundum as established by passive haemagglutination reaction according to Boyden as well as enhancement of the intensity of the delayed-type hypersensitivity to tuberculin.
(16) A complex of implanted dentures was manufactured with a corundum ceramic compound "Kador" made in the USSR.
(17) According to the present in vitro study it is possible to bond NPM alloy restorations with Panavia Ex several days after air brushing with corundum.
(18) Implants of corundum ceramic have been used in the treatment of 38 patients with bony tumours of the limbs.
(19) The patient's spine has been fixed by means of implant, made of corundum porous ceramic, metal plate and lavsan band.
(20) The values of the R(a) and Rmax were grown proportionally with the grain of corundum, but it was not resulted in the same increase of the tensile strength.
Sapphire
Definition:
(n.) Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3; corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem.
(n.) The color of the gem; bright blue.
(n.) Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native of South America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue.
(a.) Of or resembling sapphire; sapphirine; blue.
Example Sentences:
(1) CW Nd:YAG light transmitted by fiber optic cable and sapphire crystal was applied transsclerally to the ciliary body of pigmented and albino rabbits.
(2) Diana of the sapphire eyes was rated more perfect than Botticelli's Venus and attracted Bryan Guinness, heir to the brewing fortune, as soon as she was out in society.
(3) However, the forward transmission of Nd-YAG energy through the sapphires varied (SMTR, 85%; MTR, 83%; MTRL, 75%; OS, 54%; LT, 69%).
(4) In order to avoid the drawbacks of the cutting end of the bare optic fibers, it may be covered with sapphire optics which conducts well laser energy.
(5) A contact artificial sapphire, developed for use with the Nd:YAG laser, allows the performance of open surgery (laser probe) and has endoscopic applications for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding (micro laser tip) and tumors (micro laser rod).
(6) A spokesman for the Metropolitan Police had said: "Officers from Sapphire are investigating an allegation of rape which happened on 6 May in the west London area.
(7) Post-mortem aortic specimens of normal wall, lipomatous and calcified plaques were exposed to both continuous wave lasers (argon, neodymium-YAG 1064 nm) coupled to hot-tipped or sapphire tipped fibres and pulsed lasers (Excimer 193 nm, CO2, erbium-YAG).
(8) We report our first 20 cases of peripheral laser angioplasty using an optic fibre with contact sapphire tip.
(9) Contact probes made from synthetic sapphire crystal, designed for general laser surgery, are currently being evaluated for use in laser angioplasty.
(10) Apple has entered into a joint venture in the US with GT Advanced to build plants and furnaces able to produce sapphire in industrial quantities for a “critical component” that it said in trade documents would be shipped abroad for assembly.
(11) However, variation in the thermal and optical properties of sapphires from different sources has been demonstrated.
(12) The old warehouses that edge the small pebble beach and sapphire-blue water are still owned by the same families, but they have now been converted into a rather special hotel.
(13) The authors undertook an investigation to evaluate the efficacy and complications of performing internal sclerostomy with the synthetic sapphire contact neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser compared with standard external thermal sclerostomy.
(14) From a sapphire and diamond brooch to a humble bag of salt, the Queen picked up an eclectic haul of official gifts during the year she became Britain’s longest-reigning monarch.
(15) The sapphire home button of the iPhone 5S resisted all scratches from both sandpapers.
(16) Complicated hemangiomas of the hand or upper extremity have been resected in eight patients with use of the YAG laser with sapphire scalpels.
(17) An Nd-YAG laser and an optical fiber delivery system with a sapphire tip serving as a contact probe were used for PTLA.
(18) In conclusion, our results show that CO2 perfusion facilitates more effective laser ablation of atheromatous plaque than saline perfusion by the sapphire probe with the continuous wave Nd-YAG laser.
(19) Transvitreal pars plana sclerotomy using the contact Nd:YAG laser with a sapphire probe was performed on a group of rabbit eyes and compared with a similar procedure performed with a Ziegler knife.
(20) Results revealed that the adherence to target tissue and tissue damage were more apparent with metal caps than those with sapphire tips.