(n.) The sine of the complement of an arc or angle. See Illust. of Functions.
Example Sentences:
(1) algebraic sum of these three cosine functions yielded a circadian waveform with peak-times occurring near 0300 and 1130 hr and a trough-time about 2200 hr.
(2) The EMG data were fit with a nonlinear, multiple cosine function, which allowed the identification of one, two, or sometimes three separate cosine peaks.
(3) The compression technique is a variation of the Consultive Committee on International Telephony and Telegraphy Joint Photograph Experts Group compression that suppresses the blocking of the discrete cosine transform except in areas of very high contrast.
(4) Data were fit using a two-step sine and cosine regression for each 24-h period.
(5) Diurnal periodicity in bradyarrhythmia (sinoatrial block, atrioventricular block) and heart rate was analyzed by the least square fit of 24-h cosines.
(6) In comparison with APO-UNSUS rats APO-SUS rats showed significantly more spike-wave discharges, especially during the dark period: both the mesor and the amplitude of the optimal cosine fitted to the data were significantly increased, whereas neither the acrophase nor the period length (24 h) differed.
(7) To implement a picture archiving and communication system, clinical evaluation of irreversible image compression with a newly developed modified two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) and bit-allocation technique was performed for chest images with computed radiography (CR).
(8) Histopathological changes as shown in sections stained with hematoxylin and cosin include patchy areas of colloid degeneration and thickening of the walls of some blood vessels in 10 out of 15 marasmic cases.
(9) The modulation depth showed a close to cosine relation with the angle between the preferred axis and the stimulus rotation axis.
(10) Curvature-increment thresholds were measured for contour curvatures from 0.31 to 10.65 deg-1, for grating spatial frequencies of 4.0 and 16.0 cycles per degree (cpd), and for gratings in either sine or cosine phase at the point of maximum curvature.
(11) The EFP nocturnal decline in LH did not conform to a cosine rhythm.
(12) According to acrophases of a fitted cosine curve and visual inspection on chronograms, the phases of circadian rhythms were delayed to different degrees in the evening shifts with a minimum of about 1 h for oral temperature and a maximum of about 4 h for urinary free noradrenaline.
(13) The acrophases (maxima of the adjusted cosine curve) occurred at 23:39, 07:59, 08:37 and 13:25 h, respectively.
(14) The fit of a 24-hr cosine function was able to reject the null hypothesis of amplitude = O in the majority of patients under intensive care.
(15) A compression technique based on the discrete cosine transform takes the viewing factors into account by compressing the changes in the local brightness levels.
(16) When two drifting cosine gratings are superimposed, they will, under appropriate conditions, form a coherently moving two-dimensional pattern whose resultant direction of motion may either be between (type I), or outside (type II) the directions of the two components.
(17) In the second experiment, DLs were obtained for linear, exponential, and raised-cosine onset envelopes at rise-time values between 10 and 40 msec.
(18) The new nonlinearity hypothesis cannot account for the results obtained with sine-phase test stimuli, though it gives a better account of the results with cosine-phase stimuli than does the early nonlinearity hypothesis which was tested and rejected by Nachmias and Rogowitz (1983).
(19) The gonadotropin secretory pattern was subjected to cosine analysis for identifying rhythmicity.
(20) Two-cosine functions often provided the best fit to the EMG data.
Radian
Definition:
(n.) An arc of a circle which is equal to the radius, or the angle measured by such an arc.
Example Sentences:
(1) The masking level difference (MLD) is a psychoacoustic phenomenon derived from the subtraction of S pi No thresholds (signals pi radians out of phase and noise in phase at the two ears) from SoNo thresholds (signals and noise in phase at the two ears).
(2) This equation is substantiated by Brand's work on radians and by intraoperative studies.
(3) The subjects ran at each of five treadmill inclinations: +0.17, +0.077, 0, -0.077, and -0.17 radians.
(4) During agarose gel electrophoresis, alternately applying the electrical potential gradient (E) in two directions (separated by an angle, psi) has been used to enhance the separation by length of linear, double-stranded DNA; the value of psi is usually between 0.5 pi and 0.7 pi radians (Cantor et al.
(5) The phases are also quite realistic, though asymptoting at somewhat lower values (about -6 pi radians) than observed physiologically.
(6) A triaxial elgon was used to measure the movement of each subject's right and left knees when running on a horizontal or laterally inclined treadmill at 2.4 m.s-1 during each experimental condition (on the horizontal surface and on cambers of +0.087, +0.174, -0.087, and -0.174 radians).
(7) The transporter was purified by use of all steps except that for the lectin chromatography [Radian, R., Bendahan, A., & Kanner, B.I.
(8) The peak leg force reaches a maximum at a treadmill angle near -0.12 radians, close to the downhill angle where other authors have found a minimum in the rate of oxygen consumption.
(9) Addition of 0.4 mM CaCl2 to the reactivation buffer increased the proximal bend angle to 5 radians.
(10) Upon papain treatment, a reconstitutively active transporter can be isolated upon lectin chromatography (Kanner, B. I., Keynan, S., and Radian, R. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 3722-3728).
(11) By use of a psi = 1.4 pi radians, the band of 48.5 Kb monomeric open circular lambda DNA is sometimes accompanied by at least three other bands of open circular DNA; the latter are presumed to be those formed by dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric open circular lambda DNA.
(12) A biopsy of the biceps muscle of each arm was taken 2 days after exercise when muscles were very sore (mean = 8.0; 1 = normal; 10 = very, very sore), and muscle damage was documented by a mean decrease of 0.2 radians in the relaxed elbow angle.
(13) A good correlation was observed between the duration of paradoxical systolic flow and indexes of regional wall motion (radian shortening of the involved myocardium) (r = 0.77) and global ejection fraction derived from cineangiography (r = 0.79).
(14) The menmbrane potential of myelinated axons in the resting state shows fluctuations for which the power per cycle of bandwidth is inversely proportional to frequency between I and 10,000 radians per second.
(15) With this cycle, an unrealistically large angular deviation of the cross-bridges, equivalent to 3.0 radians, is required to obtain bending waves of normal amplitude.
(16) To separate linear from open circular DNA and to fractionate by length both of these conformational forms, the following procedure of two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis has been developed: (a) a first dimension performed by use of RGE and a psi of 1.4 pi radians, (b) a second dimension performed with an invariant electrical field.
(17) Concerning ultradian rhythms of mean and great periods (40 min less than tau less than 24 hr), food and water suppression diminishes their amplitudes (by 58.4% in L and 32.4% in D) and changes their phases (by a 1.29 radian advance in L and a 0.68 radian delay in D).
(18) At 0.05 Hz we found: phi = 0.189 - 0.00788 P radians and at 2.22 Hz: phi = 0.0723 + 0.000428 P. The slope of both lines is not significantly different from zero slope (alpha = 0.05).
(19) Methods of demembranation and reactivation of Lytechinus pictus sperm were developed that result in non-motile sperm which take on a stable bend of about 3.5 radians at the proximal end of the cell.
(20) We extend our model of angular homeostasis to correction functions that have a single maximum at a discrepant angle less than pi radians.