(a.) Pertaining to the ribs or the sides of the body; as, costal nerves.
(a.) Relating to a costa, or rib.
Example Sentences:
(1) The cholecystogram was confirmed as the best overall discriminator, but right costal margin pain by itself was as efficient as any triplet.
(2) These results demonstrate that a difference in myosin heavy chain isoforms and oxidative capacity exists between the costal and crural regions of the rat diaphragm.
(3) Devitalized homologous costal cartilage is widely employed as an implant in the management of the saddle nose.
(4) Tidal shortening will increase the force output of costal while decreasing that of the crural diaphragm.
(5) Bipolar stainless steel wire electrodes were placed unilaterally into the costal and crural portions of the diaphragm and into the parasternal intercostal muscle in the second or third intercostal space.
(6) The partitioning of costal and abdomino-diaphragmatic breathing is considered of great significance to the outcome of this competition.
(7) Sagittal images were produced with the transducer's face directed craniad, placed parallel to the left lateral abdominal wall, and pushed under the costal arch.
(8) The results of mass prophylactic screening of the population for tuberculosis in the south of the Aral sea costal region have been generalized with consideration of its geographic and sanitary--epidemiologic conditions.
(9) This replacement, done with a double Merselene mesh, should extend up to the costal margin and should be of the same width as the fascia taken with the muscle pedicle.
(10) EMG electrodes were also inserted into the costal portion of the diaphragm.
(11) A two-month-old female presented with hepatomegaly 5 cm below the right costal margin.
(12) Medical radiophotography can be used as a method in detecting congenital costal defects.
(13) Radiographic findings that were tabulated included joint space narrowing, sternal or costal osteophytes, articular calcification, vacuum phenomena, and the degree of ossification of the costal cartilages.
(14) We studied the in vitro contractile and fatigue properties of the rat external abdominal oblique (EAO) and costal diaphragm (DIA) muscles during postnatal development.
(15) A biopsy was performed, followed by a partial hemimandibulectomy and a costal graft.
(16) One hundred forty-nine operations consisting of 75 laryngotracheoplasties and 74 laryngotracheal reconstructions with costal cartilage grafting were performed.
(17) The histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of the adult rat and rabbit costal diaphragm were investigated.
(18) In rabbits with adjuvant induced pleuritis, the visceral pleura, but not the costal pleura, showed mushroom-like projections on the pleural surface which were composed of a fibrin mass mixed with phagocytotic macrophages and covered by proliferative mesothelial cells.
(19) Mosaic analyses show that the duplications arise nonautonomously in the larval stages but that the costal-2 gene is not required after early embryogenesis.
(20) A similar pattern of response was observed for increases in tail length and uptake of 35SO42- into costal cartilage in vivo.
Tegula
Definition:
(n.) A small appendage situated above the base of the wings of Hymenoptera and attached to the mesonotum.
Example Sentences:
(1) Using two species of locusts, Romalia microptera Beavy and Podisma pedestris L., receptors of the wing apparatus are described: campaniform sensillas of the wing, hair receptors of the tegula, chordotonal organ and thorax stretch receptor.
(2) Plateau potentials were evoked in these interneurons by synaptic input from tegula or by the injection of depolarizing current pulses.
(3) This recovery is due to a functional substitution of the hindwing tegulae by the forewing tegulae (Büschges, Ramirez, and Pearson, 1992).
(4) To assess changes in the pathways from the forewing tegulae in the flight system, we investigated the pathways of the forewing tegula in intact locusts and in animals 2 weeks after hindwing tegula removal.
(5) The vitelline coat lysin of a top shell, Tegula pfeifferi, is a single polypeptide consisting of 118 amino acid residues and having a relative molecular mass of 13800.
(6) The present study demonstrates 1) that the timing of elevator motor neuron activity is determined by phasic afferent input from tegulae and stretch receptors and 2) that input from the stretch receptors controls the duration of elevator activity in the wingbeat cycle following the wing movement that was responsible for the generation of the receptor discharge.
(7) Removal of the forewing tegulae in recovered animals resulted in similar changes in the flight motor pattern as were observed in intact animals after the removal of the hindwing tegulae.
(8) The changes in connectivity of forewing tegula afferents are correlated with morphological alterations in the structure of the terminal processes of the afferents and with sprouting of some branches of interneurons receiving input from these afferents.
(9) Doses of 150 microliters at 10(-2) M phentolamine inactivated the wing stretch-receptors and tegulae without influencing the central nervous system (CNS).
(10) Here we report adaptive modifications in the flight system that occur after the removal of the hindwing tegulae.
(11) Previous investigations have shown that the flight motor pattern of the mature locust (Locusta migratoria L.) relies heavily on the input of the hindwing tegulae.
(12) By intracellularly recording from elevator motoneurons and administering phentolamine we confirmed a number of previous results related to the function of the wing stretch-receptors and the tegulae.
(13) The size of unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by signal forewing tegula afferents was found not to be altered in recovered animals.
(14) In contrast, removal of the forewing tegulae has little effect on the motor pattern.
(15) The following physiological alterations in these pathways were found to be associated with the recovery: (1) In the intact locusts, the connections of forewing tegula afferents to flight interneurons are variable but this variability did not occur in recovered animals, and (2) larger numbers of forewing tegula afferents connect to interneurons that excite elevator motoneurons (interneurons 566 and 567) and to an interneuron that inhibits depressor motoneurons (interneuron 511).
(16) In the locust, Locusta migratoria, the roles of two groups of wing sense organs, hind wing tegulae and wing-hinge stretch receptors, in the generation of the flight motor pattern were investigated.
(17) From these observations we conclude that recovery is due to the functional replacement of the removed hindwing tegulae by input from the forewing tegulae.
(18) Removal of the hindwing tegulae results in an immediate change in the motor pattern: the wingbeat frequency (WBF) decreases and the interval between the activity of depressor and elevator muscles (D-E interval) increases.
(19) In contrast to the situation in the intact animal, the activity of the forewing tegulae is necessary in recovered animals for the generation of the motor pattern.
(20) Over a period of about 2 weeks following hindwing tegula removal, the flight motor pattern progressively returned towards normal, and in about 80% of the animals recovery of the flight motor pattern was complete.