(n.) One of the patches of villi found in some forms of placenta.
(n.) A leaf borne by the caulicle or radicle of an embryo; a seed leaf.
Example Sentences:
(1) A bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (bPAG) of 67 kDa has previously been isolated from bovine fetal cotyledons.
(2) The mRNAs begin to accumulate during late embryogeny, reach maximal levels in seedling cotyledons, are not detected at significant amounts in leaves, and are distributed similarly in cotyledons and axes of seedlings.
(3) Dehydrin proteins were some of the most actively synthesised at about the time of maximum fresh weight and represent about 2% of protein in mature cotyledons.
(4) The birth weight, placental weight, volume, surface area, and number of cotyledon showed significantly decreasing trends (P less then 0.001) with the fall in socioeconomic group and maternal dietary intakes.
(5) Furthermore, catalases from leaves, stems and cotyledons were electrophoretically identical.
(6) The preparation and properties of a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from germinating pea cotyledons is described; polyuridylic acid must be added for l-phenylalanine incorporation.
(7) Polyadenylated RNA from 2-day-old cotyledons directed synthesis of 56-kDa subunits, whereas 59-kDa subunits predominated after in vitro translation of RNA from 4-day-old cotyledons.
(8) Angiotensin caused a 13-fold increase in the umbilical arterial resistance, whereas there were no changes in cotyledon or venous resistances.
(9) A histological evaluation of the cotyledons revealed an abnormal placentome structure in the first pregnancy but not in the second.
(10) Weights of the fetus, fetal membranes, cotyledons, caruncles, and uterus were recorded as were weights of the fetal liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, lungs, stomach complex, intestines, and semitendinosus muscle.
(11) The plants Arabidopsis thaliana grew from cotyledons to flowers during flight.
(12) The accumulation of total RNA transcripts of 18 late embryo-abundant (Lea) gene families, each encoding two closely related Lea mRNAs, was measured in cotyledon total RNA during embryogenesis and germination of Gossypium hirsutum L. by RNA dot hybridization.
(13) The aim of this work was to investigate the role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating) EC 4.1.1.49) in the conversion of fat to sugar by the cotyledons of seedlings of Cucurbita pepo.
(14) Tunicamycin inhibited both glycosylation and secretion of PHA by the COS1 cells, a finding indicating an essential role of the oligosaccharides for transport of PHA in these cells in contrast to the situation found in bean cotyledons.
(15) Isocitrate lyase (threo-DS-isocitrate glyoxylate-lyase, EC 4.1.3.1) was isolated from cotyledons of Lupinus seedlings, purified 100-fold with respect to its initial specific activity and characterized (Km, pH optimum, Mg2+ requirement, sulfhydryl inhibitors, and synthase activity).
(16) In the cells established from cotyledon, the 1-palmitoyl-2-linolenoyl species increased dramatically.
(17) The conclusion is drawn that the rate of turnover of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in dark-grown mustard cotyledons is too rapid compared to the measured rise in enzyme activity for density labelling to reveal directly control over the rate of synthesis de novo by phytochrome.
(18) For this purpose we divided the flow length of the cotyledon in central and a peripheral part.
(19) Mixing of BAP-treated and untreated cotyledons before polysome isolation showed that the difference in their activity did not result from isolation procedure.
(20) Both AS1 and AS2 mRNAs also accumulate to high levels in cotyledons of germinating seedlings and in nitrogen-fixing root nodules.
Monocotyledon
Definition:
(n.) A plant with only one cotyledon, or seed lobe.
Example Sentences:
(1) The mutants exhibit similar phenotypes in protoplasts of both tobacco and maize, implying conservation of the DNA-protein interactions of the ocs enhancer sequence in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
(2) To circumvent these difficulties, we investigated whether monocotyledonous genes can be expressed and correctly regulated in dicotyledons.
(3) In basic chitinases from dicotyledonous plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Phaseolis vulgaris (bean), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), and Solanum tuberosum (potato), as well as in the chitinase isolated from the monocotyledonous plant Hordeum vulgare (barley), this position is invariably occupied by a tyrosine.
(4) The resulting transconjugants were used to inoculate the monocotyledonous plants sorghum, maize, rice, and wheat.
(5) Ferrochelatase was demonstrated in the chloroplasts and proplastids isolated from the primary leaves of beans (a dicotyledon) and oats (a monocotyledon).
(6) Epitope mapping of these immunoglobulins suggests that two of the three predominant epitopes may be conserved in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
(7) The greatest differences were observed with the enzyme isolated from leaves of the monocotyledonous plants Zea mays (maize) and Triticum aestivum (wheat).
(8) Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is an icosahedral virus with a tripartite RNA genome which infects monocotyledonous plants, while the cowpea or legume strain of tobacco mosaic virus (CcTMV) is a rod-shaped virus with a single component RNA genome which infects dicotyledonous plants.
(9) The uptake of (14)CO(2) into beta-carotene and phytol in mature chloroplasts is very low in monocotyledons but somewhat greater in dicotyledons.
(10) We conclude that the synthesis of chloroplast-localized HSPs is an important component of the stree response in all higher plants and that chloroplast HSPs from dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants have a conserved carboxyl-terminal domain.
(11) Two other cell-wall preparations, representing lignified walls of dicotyledons and unlignified walls of vegetative parts of grasses and cereals (monocotyledons belonging to the family Poaceae), adsorbed DNP much more effectively.
(12) At this point, they were implanted s.c. with elastomer capsules that were either empty or packed with 30-40 mg of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA), a compound found naturally in some monocotyledonous plants; half of the animals from each treatment group were then kept in long days (14L:10D) or transferred to short days (9L:15D).
(13) The adhesin was also found to be involved in the attachment of rhizobia to the root hairs of various other legumes and nonlegume plants, including monocotyledonous ones.
(14) The complexity of plant U-type small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (UsnRNPs) may represent one level at which differences in splicing between animals and plants and between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants could be effected.
(15) The evolutionary relationship between PSV and other geminiviruses infecting monocotyledons is discussed.
(16) In contrast to European food plants, which are mostly dicotyledons, South Pacific food plants are mainly monocotyledons.
(17) As to the phylogenetic position of the two Angiospermae classes, extant monocotyledons seem to be a paraphyletic group located near the root of the angiosperm branch; it emerged at the earliest stages of angiosperm evolution.
(18) Dicotyledons and several other groups have the same pattern of 23 S fragmentation, often comprising all the fragments mentioned above, whilst Graminaceae (Monocotyledons) constitute a special group with a very predominant 0.35 x 10(6) dalton fragment and the absence of the 0.45 x 10(6) dalton fragment.
(19) Although the frequency of stable transformation is low, direct DNA uptake is applicable to those plants not amenable to Agrobacterium transformation, particularly monocotyledons.
(20) A stepwise calculation for the conformation of fucosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl residue gave 10 allowed area (phi-psi) maps which are useful to deduce xyloglucan conformations of both monocotyledons and dicotyledons in the walls of growing plant cells.