(n.) One of the patches of villi found in some forms of placenta.
(n.) A leaf borne by the caulicle or radicle of an embryo; a seed leaf.
Example Sentences:
(1) A bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (bPAG) of 67 kDa has previously been isolated from bovine fetal cotyledons.
(2) The mRNAs begin to accumulate during late embryogeny, reach maximal levels in seedling cotyledons, are not detected at significant amounts in leaves, and are distributed similarly in cotyledons and axes of seedlings.
(3) Dehydrin proteins were some of the most actively synthesised at about the time of maximum fresh weight and represent about 2% of protein in mature cotyledons.
(4) The birth weight, placental weight, volume, surface area, and number of cotyledon showed significantly decreasing trends (P less then 0.001) with the fall in socioeconomic group and maternal dietary intakes.
(5) Furthermore, catalases from leaves, stems and cotyledons were electrophoretically identical.
(6) The preparation and properties of a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from germinating pea cotyledons is described; polyuridylic acid must be added for l-phenylalanine incorporation.
(7) Polyadenylated RNA from 2-day-old cotyledons directed synthesis of 56-kDa subunits, whereas 59-kDa subunits predominated after in vitro translation of RNA from 4-day-old cotyledons.
(8) Angiotensin caused a 13-fold increase in the umbilical arterial resistance, whereas there were no changes in cotyledon or venous resistances.
(9) A histological evaluation of the cotyledons revealed an abnormal placentome structure in the first pregnancy but not in the second.
(10) Weights of the fetus, fetal membranes, cotyledons, caruncles, and uterus were recorded as were weights of the fetal liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, lungs, stomach complex, intestines, and semitendinosus muscle.
(11) The plants Arabidopsis thaliana grew from cotyledons to flowers during flight.
(12) The accumulation of total RNA transcripts of 18 late embryo-abundant (Lea) gene families, each encoding two closely related Lea mRNAs, was measured in cotyledon total RNA during embryogenesis and germination of Gossypium hirsutum L. by RNA dot hybridization.
(13) The aim of this work was to investigate the role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating) EC 4.1.1.49) in the conversion of fat to sugar by the cotyledons of seedlings of Cucurbita pepo.
(14) Tunicamycin inhibited both glycosylation and secretion of PHA by the COS1 cells, a finding indicating an essential role of the oligosaccharides for transport of PHA in these cells in contrast to the situation found in bean cotyledons.
(15) Isocitrate lyase (threo-DS-isocitrate glyoxylate-lyase, EC 4.1.3.1) was isolated from cotyledons of Lupinus seedlings, purified 100-fold with respect to its initial specific activity and characterized (Km, pH optimum, Mg2+ requirement, sulfhydryl inhibitors, and synthase activity).
(16) In the cells established from cotyledon, the 1-palmitoyl-2-linolenoyl species increased dramatically.
(17) The conclusion is drawn that the rate of turnover of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in dark-grown mustard cotyledons is too rapid compared to the measured rise in enzyme activity for density labelling to reveal directly control over the rate of synthesis de novo by phytochrome.
(18) For this purpose we divided the flow length of the cotyledon in central and a peripheral part.
(19) Mixing of BAP-treated and untreated cotyledons before polysome isolation showed that the difference in their activity did not result from isolation procedure.
(20) Both AS1 and AS2 mRNAs also accumulate to high levels in cotyledons of germinating seedlings and in nitrogen-fixing root nodules.
Plumule
Definition:
(pl. ) of Plumula
(n.) The first bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or growing point, of the embryo, above the cotyledons. See Illust. of Radicle.
(n.) A down feather.
(n.) The aftershaft of a feather. See Illust. under Feather.
(n.) One of the featherlike scales of certain male butterflies.
Example Sentences:
(1) Increased transcription rates were observed within 5 min after application of auxins to excised plumules, and half-maximal to maximal transcription rates were achieved by 15 min after application of auxins.
(2) Nuclear proteins extracted from soybean plumules were shown to bind double-stranded oligonucleotides homologous to AT-rich sequences in the 5' flanking regions of soybean beta-conglycinin, lectin, leghemoglobin and heat shock genes.
(3) The chick of the DTW mutant shows cream yellow plumules similar to those of the White Leghorn chick.
(4) The abundance of phyA RNA1 in the plumule and hook regions was 3-5-fold higher than that of RNA2, whereas the ratio of their abundance was approximately unity in other regions.
(5) In the growing pea seedling (7 days old), about 3% of the total activity was in the plumule, 9% in the root and the remainder in the cotyledons.
(6) The rates of transcription of the auxin-responsive sequences were 10- to 100-fold greater with nuclei isolated from auxin-treated plumules than with those from untreated plumules.
(7) In both the root and the plumule the activity on a wet- or a dry-weight basis was highest in the growing tip.
(8) Nuclei isolated from excised soybean plumules that were treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were active in transcription of four auxin-regulated genes or DNA sequences, which have been described previously (G. Hagen, A. Kleinschmidt, and T. Guilfoyle, Planta 162:147-153, 1984).
(9) The transcriptional response was also observed with hypocotyls of intact soybean seedlings and hypocotyl sections, as well as with green bean and mung bean plumules that were treated with 2,4-D. Other auxins, including 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid, also induced the transcriptional response.
(10) Significant differences in some agronomical characters were achieved among somaclones of seed and plumule meristem origin.
(11) Swollen down plumules, an embryonic lethal condition characterized by an enlargement of the dermal pulp cavity of down feathers, has been observed in a subline of turkeys.
(12) Phenotypic variation of the disorder is expressed in the number of pterylae that contain the abnormal down plumules.