(v. i.) To expel air, or obstructing or irritating matter, from the lungs or air passages, in a noisy and violent manner.
(v. t.) To expel from the lungs or air passages by coughing; -- followed by up; as, to cough up phlegm.
(v. t.) To bring to a specified state by coughing; as, he coughed himself hoarse.
(v. i.) A sudden, noisy, and violent expulsion of air from the chest, caused by irritation in the air passages, or by the reflex action of nervous or gastric disorder, etc.
(v. i.) The more or less frequent repetition of coughing, constituting a symptom of disease.
Example Sentences:
(1) Down and up regulation by peptides may be useful for treatment of cough and prevention of aspiration pneumonia.
(2) After controlling for FEV1, cough was still significantly associated with treatment for airway disease in general and both cough, mucus hypersecretion and chronic bronchitis were significantly associated with treatment for airway obstruction.
(3) The drug proved to be of high value in alleviating nocturnal coughing controlling spastic bronchitis in children, as a pretreatment before bronchological examinations and their anaesthesia.
(4) The drug I started taking caused an irritating, chronic cough, which disappeared when I switched to an inexpensive diuretic.
(5) Both hypersensitivity of the cough reflex and the symptom of cough are reversed by sulindac which suggests that the abnormal reflex is dependent on cyclo-oxygenase products.
(6) The responses were scored hourly up to 4 hours after the administration of single doses in the morning to subjects with persistent cough.
(7) I really want people to know that pregnancy vaccination means we now have the power to minimise – if not completely stop – deaths from whooping cough,” she said.
(8) The inability of these young smokers to enhance their mucus clearance by cough suggests a change in the mucociliary apparatus from normal.
(9) Most infections have flu-like symptoms including fever, coughing, sore throat, runny nose, and aches and pains.
(10) Patients were selected if they demonstrated no apparent underlying cause for their persistent cough after appropriate radiological and respiratory function tests including methacholine reactivity and bronchoscopic examination.
(11) During captopril treatment one patient complained of a non-productive cough.
(12) Malaise, fatigability, low-grade fever, aching chest pain and mild cough lasting a few days to a few weeks are usual.
(13) These dyspnea complaints often presented themselves as isolated symptoms, without chronic cough or phlegm production.
(14) These findings suggest that muscarinic receptor stimulation, bronchoconstriction, beta 2 receptor stimulation, or bronchodilation might have no direct effect on the sensitivity of the cough receptors in normal subjects.
(15) In the treatment of 31 cases of acute infections of pediatric field including upper and lower airway infections, empyema, whooping cough, acute urinary tract infections and phlegmon, CMNX was administered intravenously either as one shot injection as drip infusion.
(16) Among men, a large group complained of chronic cough.
(17) There were statistically significant exposure-response relations between exposure and symptoms from eyes and upper airways, dry cough, positive skin prick test, and specific IgE and IgG antibodies.
(18) To determine the role of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major during cough in tetraplegic subjects.
(19) The effect of the drugs on respiratory resistance (Rrs), measured using a forced oscillation technique, was measured both before and after the inhalation of a dose of capsaicin which caused less than two coughs.
(20) One year later, using postal questionnaires, they were asked about their experience of back pain in the ensuing 12 months and about smoking habits, breathlessness, coughing, and the bringing up of phlegm.
Involuntary
Definition:
(a.) Not having will or the power of choice.
(a.) Not under the influence or control of the will; not voluntary; as, the involuntary movements of the body; involuntary muscle fibers.
(a.) Not proceeding from choice; done unwillingly; reluctant; compulsory; as, involuntary submission.
Example Sentences:
(1) Aggressive behavior during acute involuntary admission was related to ratings on the Brief Psychopathological Rating Scale, age, sex and global assessment in 38 patients.
(2) 93% (non-smokers 99%, smokers 84%) felt that involuntary smoking should be restricted in the workplace and 99% (non-smokers 99%, smokers 97%) felt that it should be restricted in the canteens.
(3) Hemimasticatory spasm is a rare disorder of the trigeminal nerve that produces involuntary jaw closure due to paroxysmal unilateral contraction of jaw-closing muscles.
(4) and involuntary fetal wastage, HLA-A, B compatibility between husband and wife was studied in a group of 77 couples with known obstetric histories.
(5) Urodynamic study of the ileal neobladder showed a low pressure (mean 15.3 cm water) and no involuntary pressure spikes in the neobladder.
(6) About 15% of patients fail to respond to initial antibiotic therapy, 20% experience recurrences, 20% develop involuntary infertility, and 8% of post-PID patients who conceive have an ectopic pregnancy.
(7) Idiopathic torsion dystonia (ITD) is characterized by sustained, involuntary muscle contractions, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures.
(8) "Enuresis risoria" or "giggle incontinence" is a particular condition characterized by a sudden, involuntary, uncontrollable and complete emptying of the bladder during giggling or hearty laughter.
(9) Phenytoin-induced involuntary movements have not been described previously in a case with such a small parasaggital tumour treated with phenytoin at a serum concentration of therapeutic range.
(10) Tremor refers to an involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movement of a body part.
(11) Although little change in either mental status or involuntary movements was observed within the 3 weeks following the withdrawal of haloperidol, marked deterioration in mental status and involuntary movements occurred within 1 week of withdrawal of clozapine.
(12) The occurrence of this and related syndromes suggests that inherited, slowly progressive myoclonus, chorea, and dystonia, alone or in combination, should be viewed as a spectrum of hyperkinetic involuntary movements, and that each motor component may represent variable expression of the same genetic defect.
(13) Muscle atrophy, involuntary movements or associated movements in the facial muscles on the side of the anastomosis, which are frequent during spontaneous regeneration, were never observed.
(14) The level of involuntary dehydration is approximately proportional to the degree of total stress imposed on the body.
(15) In the elderly, there are two main types of abnormal involuntary movements: tremors on one hand and dyskinesias on the other.
(16) This paper describes this unexpected, involuntary intervention in patient care in the Department of Geriatric Medicine.
(17) The first case was a premature female infant who developed involuntary twist movements of the left arm, persistent plantar flexion and eversion of the left foot at age of 7 months.
(18) The pharmacokinetics of tetrabenazine and a metabolite, hydroxytetrabenazine, have been investigated in seven patients being treated for involuntary movement disorders.
(19) This involuntary muscle activity was attributed to fusimotor and postural reflexes.
(20) Tardive dyskinesia is a potentially irreversible syndrome of involuntary hyperkinetic movements that occur in predisposed persons receiving extended neuroleptic (antipsychotic) drug therapy.