(v. i.) To expel air, or obstructing or irritating matter, from the lungs or air passages, in a noisy and violent manner.
(v. t.) To expel from the lungs or air passages by coughing; -- followed by up; as, to cough up phlegm.
(v. t.) To bring to a specified state by coughing; as, he coughed himself hoarse.
(v. i.) A sudden, noisy, and violent expulsion of air from the chest, caused by irritation in the air passages, or by the reflex action of nervous or gastric disorder, etc.
(v. i.) The more or less frequent repetition of coughing, constituting a symptom of disease.
Example Sentences:
(1) Down and up regulation by peptides may be useful for treatment of cough and prevention of aspiration pneumonia.
(2) After controlling for FEV1, cough was still significantly associated with treatment for airway disease in general and both cough, mucus hypersecretion and chronic bronchitis were significantly associated with treatment for airway obstruction.
(3) The drug proved to be of high value in alleviating nocturnal coughing controlling spastic bronchitis in children, as a pretreatment before bronchological examinations and their anaesthesia.
(4) The drug I started taking caused an irritating, chronic cough, which disappeared when I switched to an inexpensive diuretic.
(5) Both hypersensitivity of the cough reflex and the symptom of cough are reversed by sulindac which suggests that the abnormal reflex is dependent on cyclo-oxygenase products.
(6) The responses were scored hourly up to 4 hours after the administration of single doses in the morning to subjects with persistent cough.
(7) I really want people to know that pregnancy vaccination means we now have the power to minimise – if not completely stop – deaths from whooping cough,” she said.
(8) The inability of these young smokers to enhance their mucus clearance by cough suggests a change in the mucociliary apparatus from normal.
(9) Most infections have flu-like symptoms including fever, coughing, sore throat, runny nose, and aches and pains.
(10) Patients were selected if they demonstrated no apparent underlying cause for their persistent cough after appropriate radiological and respiratory function tests including methacholine reactivity and bronchoscopic examination.
(11) During captopril treatment one patient complained of a non-productive cough.
(12) Malaise, fatigability, low-grade fever, aching chest pain and mild cough lasting a few days to a few weeks are usual.
(13) These dyspnea complaints often presented themselves as isolated symptoms, without chronic cough or phlegm production.
(14) These findings suggest that muscarinic receptor stimulation, bronchoconstriction, beta 2 receptor stimulation, or bronchodilation might have no direct effect on the sensitivity of the cough receptors in normal subjects.
(15) In the treatment of 31 cases of acute infections of pediatric field including upper and lower airway infections, empyema, whooping cough, acute urinary tract infections and phlegmon, CMNX was administered intravenously either as one shot injection as drip infusion.
(16) Among men, a large group complained of chronic cough.
(17) There were statistically significant exposure-response relations between exposure and symptoms from eyes and upper airways, dry cough, positive skin prick test, and specific IgE and IgG antibodies.
(18) To determine the role of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major during cough in tetraplegic subjects.
(19) The effect of the drugs on respiratory resistance (Rrs), measured using a forced oscillation technique, was measured both before and after the inhalation of a dose of capsaicin which caused less than two coughs.
(20) One year later, using postal questionnaires, they were asked about their experience of back pain in the ensuing 12 months and about smoking habits, breathlessness, coughing, and the bringing up of phlegm.
Kink
Definition:
(n.) A twist or loop in a rope or thread, caused by a spontaneous doubling or winding upon itself; a close loop or curl; a doubling in a cord.
(n.) An unreasonable notion; a crotchet; a whim; a caprice.
(v. i.) To wind into a kink; to knot or twist spontaneously upon itself, as a rope or thread.
(n.) A fit of coughing; also, a convulsive fit of laughter.
Example Sentences:
(1) In seven patients surgical correction of kinking with stenosis of the extracranial part of the carotid artery was performed.
(2) Occasionally symptomatic kinking of the internal carotid artery will require correction.
(3) A simple and effective surgical procedure as a routine method for correction of carotid kinking is described.
(4) It was concluded that photodimerization of the dTpdT unit to give the cis-syn product causes little perturbation of the DNA whereas dimerization to give the trans-syn product causes much greater perturbation, possibly in the form of a kink or dislocation at the 5'-side of the dimer.
(5) There is little chance of kinking the graft, since its angle of attachment is ideal, and due to the anatomical configuration of the transverse sinus, there is more room for the graft and compression is unlikely.
(6) On the aortogram, stenosis of the left common carotid artery, kinking and aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta were revealed.
(7) However, no reactivity is observed at the sites of the 40 degrees kinks described in the cocrystal structure (Steitz, 1990).
(8) However, there is enough evidence to warrant careful consideration of surgical correction in patients who have features of the carotid artery syndrome and kinking of the ICA as shown on angiography.
(9) The spin-echo technique with a short time to echo (TE = 40 msec) and a short time to recover (TR = 1000 msec) provided optimum imaging of tonsillar position, hydromyelia cavities, and cervicomedullary "kinking."
(10) Kinking, contractures, transverse splitting and disintegration were seen in muscle fibres from post mortem muscle.
(11) The former appears characteristic of circularly bent DNA and gives rise to a substantial retardation, the latter of bending across a knot or kink in the DNA chain associated with a relatively minor retardation relative to standards.
(12) The obstruction failed to resolve; careful longitudinal serotomy allowed the kinking in the bowel to be straightened and, at 1 year follow-up, there were no symptoms of recurrence.
(13) The most important contribution of this procedure is the decrease in manipulation of the ureter, resulting in minimal disturbance of the blood supply and in a straight course of the ureter without the risk of kinking or obstruction.
(14) Detection of venous backflow or obstruction, arterial stenosis, aneurysm formation, or graft kinking facilitated correction and thus salvage of the grafts.
(15) Proton and deuterium order parameters measured for the liquid crystalline phase of unsonicated lipid bilayer membranes are interpreted in terms of two motions: (i) chain reorientation and (ii) chain isomerization via kink diffusion.
(16) Twenty-three patients had slight stenosis, and bending and kinking were observed in 17.
(17) As we go along all these kinks will be ironed out.” Under Ghanaian law, farmers are only allowed to sell their beans to purchasing clerks who act as intermediaries between them and Cocobod.
(18) Failure to release this structure from the proximal ulna caused kinking and tethering of the nerve when transposition was attempted.
(19) During neo-pulmonary reconstruction, distal pulmonary orifice was shifted towards right to avoid kinking and compression on the coronary arteries.
(20) The large hyperchroism of the complex is consistent with loss of base stacking, as required by a kinked structure.