What's the difference between coumaric and coumarin?
Coumaric
Definition:
(a.) Relating to, derived from, or like, the Dipterix odorata, a tree of Guiana.
Example Sentences:
(1) A new p-coumaric acid (4-hydroxycinnamic acid) hydroxylase was detected in mung bean seedlings treated with tentoxin, a fungal toxin, in which polyphenol oxidase that hydroxylates a wide variety of monophenols in vitro was completely eliminated.
(2) With equal concentrations of ascorbate and p-coumaric acid, equivalent oxygen uptake and caffeic acid production was found only in the first stages of the reaction, whereas with NADH substituted for ascorbate, oxygen uptake was in excess throughout.
(3) Low degradabilities of core lignin, esterified p-coumaric acid, and esterified acetyl groups suggest that these components may be involved primarily in depressing fermentation of cell wall polysaccharides.
(4) The isoenzymes had a number of common properties: optimum pH, instability in the absence of polyols, action on p-coumaric acid as the common substrate.
(5) The sequence is shown to be melilotic acid (I) [Formula: see text] coumaric acid (IV) [Formula: see text] beta-hydroxymelilotic acid (II) [Formula: see text] beta-oxomelilotic acid (III) [Formula: see text] 4-hydroxycoumarin (VI), on the basis of (1) studies on the formation of postulated intermediates, (2) experiments with isotopically labelled materials and (3) sequential enzyme induction.
(6) Disappearance of p-coumaric acid was higher in steers consuming normal genotypes than in those consuming brown midribs.
(7) p-Coumaric acid disappearance was higher in heifers consuming normal genotypes than in those on brown midrib mutants.
(8) Vanillin was lower, whereas para-coumaric acid was higher, in normal genotypes than in brown midrib mutants.
(9) This would be of physiological interest since the metabolic fate of the different cinnamic acids could be independently controlled at the p-coumarate: CoA ligase level.
(10) The insertion of various linkers or gradual increase of intron size by addition in both orientations of internal intron sequences from another plant gene (parsley, 4-coumarate ligase) had little or no effect on the precision of slicing.
(11) With dimethyltetrahydropteridine as electron donor, oxygen uptake was exactly equivalent to the caffeic acid produced, provided that p-coumaric acid was in excess, but with excess of reductant, oxygen uptake caused by the further oxidation of caffeic acid was also observed.
(12) According to the results obtained by testing 25 isolated constituents on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the antimicrobial properties of this mixture of natural substances are mainly attributable to the flavonoids pinocembrin, galangin, pinobanksin, pinobanksin-3-acetate as well as to the p-coumaric acid benzyl ester and a caffeic acid ester mixture.
(13) Two new compounds, a long chain ester 1 of p-coumaric acid and a prenylated isoflavone, senegalensin [5], 5,4'-dihydroxy-8-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)-[5"-(hydroxyisopropyl ) (2",3":6.7)] isoflavone, in addition to a known long chain ester 2 of ferulic acid, have been isolated and characterized from the stem bark of the Cameroonian medicinal plant Erythrina senegalensis.
(14) Steady-state rates of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase reaction in the presence of inhibitors like D-phenylalanine, cinnamic, p-coumaric, caffeic, dihydrocaffeic and phenylpyruvic acid have shown that only one molecule of each type of inhibitor binds to a molecule of the enzyme.
(15) We conclude that the biosynthesis of the predominant caffeic acid conjugates in carrot cells occurs via the corresponding 4-coumaric acid esters.
(16) Of the cinnamic acids tested, ferulic, sinapic, 5-hydroxyferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids were the substrates with the lowest apparent Km values (on all the order of 1 to 4 x 10(-5) M) for isoenzyme 1.
(17) In the presence of semicarbazide, o-coumaraldehyde is formed from o-coumaric acid: there is no evidence, however, that this lies on the normal metabolic pathway.
(18) Chicks fed 0.5% vanillin, 0.5% vanillic acid, 0.5% ferulic acid, or 0.5% p-coumaric acid had comparable cytochromes level and activity compared with chicks fed no phenolics.
(19) Eight experiments were conducted to determine effects of a phenolic polymer (Kraft wood lignin, Indulin), phenolic glycosides (cane molasses and wood molasses), and phenolic monomers (vanillin, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid) on liver cytochromes P-450, cytochrome b5, and NADPH cytochrome c reductase in chicks and rats.
(20) The optimal pH and temperature of p-coumarate decarboxylase were 6.0 and 23 degrees C respectively.
Coumarin
Definition:
(n.) The concrete essence of the tonka bean, the fruit of Dipterix (formerly Coumarouna) odorata and consisting essentially of coumarin proper, which is a white crystalline substance, C9H6O2, of vanilla-like odor, regarded as an anhydride of coumaric acid, and used in flavoring. Coumarin in also made artificially.
Example Sentences:
(1) A phytochemical investigation of an ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Echites hirsuta (Apocynaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of the flavonoids naringenin, aromadendrin (dihydrokaempferol), and kaempferol; the coumarin fraxetin; the triterpene ursolic acid; and the sterol glycoside sitosteryl glucoside.
(2) Among them, the coumarins, rutins, Centella asiatica extracts, procyanoside oligomers are the most prescribed.
(3) This novel coumarin derivative significantly inhibited skin tumor initiation by DMBA in SENCAR mice when given at a dose of 200 nmol, 5 min (69% inhibition) or 24 h (76% inhibition) prior to initiation.
(4) The aflatoxins are a family of complex coumarins produced by species of Aspergillus that are toxic and carcinogenic in animals.
(5) Coumarin and 7-HCG are best fitted to an open two-compartment model, whereas 7-HC is best fitted to an open one-compartment model.
(6) Drug interactions with coumarin anticoagulants and sulphonylurea compounds may produce bleeding episodes and hypoglycaemia, respectively.
(7) Neither macroscopic nor microscopic examination of liver tissue revealed any pathological alterations caused by coumarin.
(8) 10 coumarins used in perfumery, cosmetics and ointments, have been investigated by 2 different methods to determine their sensitizing capacity.
(9) Coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity was associated with significant increases in relative liver weight, plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities and hepatic non-protein sulphydryl groups.
(10) Treatment of isolated canine renal Na,K-ATPase with a stable diazomethane analog, 4-(diazomethyl)-7-(diethylamino)-coumarin (DEAC), results in enzyme inactivation.
(11) Among the non-infectious agents alcohol is the most important, followed by a combination of anticonvulsant drugs, valproic acid, retinoic acid, lithium, coumarin derivates, methyl mercury, aminopterin and methotrexate, cocaine and amniogenic bands.
(12) The results demonstrate a reserve capacity for the coumarin-sensitive reductase; at least 70% of the hepatic vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide reductase activity has to be eliminated before the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of the clotting factors objectively becomes compromised.
(13) Coumarin and cimetidine appear to be safe and active agents in the treatment of metastatic renal carcinoma.
(14) This correlated well with the suppression by coumarin of the dextran-induced leucocyte response in vivo.
(15) In three patients painful reddening of a well-circumscribed area of the skin occurred within five days of starting anticoagulant treatment with phenprocoumon (Marcumar), and within a short time it developed into a full-blown picture of coumarin necrosis.
(16) A 2-7-fold increase in response to the inducers was seen in the amount of P-450Coh (cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme catalysing coumarin 7-hydroxylation) protein in Western immunoblots.
(17) These findings suggest that the coumarin ring system is largely responsible for the pharmacodynamic properties of warfarin, whereas the side-chain dictates the disposition and metabolism of the drug.
(18) The latter effect was effectively suppressed by a concomitant administration of a combination of troxerutin and coumarin (Venalot).
(19) A substantial improvement in the rate of detection of organic lesions affecting the olfactory pathway can be achieved by substituting odours such as musk ketone, exaltolide, linalyl acetate and coumarin for those in current use.
(20) Coumarin concentrations that inhibited growth of Pythium sp.