What's the difference between counteract and countervail?
Counteract
Definition:
(v. t.) To act in opposition to; to hinder, defeat, or frustrate, by contrary agency or influence; as, to counteract the effect of medicines; to counteract good advice.
Example Sentences:
(1) The origins of aging of higher forms of life, particularly humans, is presented as the consequence of an evolved balance between 4 specific kinds of dysfunction-producing events and 4 kinds of evolved counteracting effects in long-lived forms.
(2) Conversely, rat galanin increased unstimulated glucagon output (approximately 20%, P less than 0.05), potentiated the glucagon response to arginine (approximately 50%, P less than 0.05) and VIP (approximately 90%, P less than 0.05), and counteracted the suppressor effect of glucose on alpha-cell secretion.
(3) This inhibition is counteracted by the somewhat slower increase of NE turnover resulting in normalization of LH levels.
(4) These results suggest that CPZ interacts with smg p21B, smg GDS, or both, and thereby inhibits the smg GDS action, and that CPZ also interacts with the acidic phospholipids and thereby counteracts their inhibitory effect on the smg GDS action.
(5) Extracts from arrested cells counteracted the stimulating effects of extracts from proliferating cells with kinetics suggesting competitive interaction between stimulating and inhibitory factors.
(6) Acetylcholine increases their turnover, Atropine reduces it, and the addition of atropine counteracts the effect of acetylcholine in all these phospholipids.
(7) Whether they affect ureteral motility in vivo or whether they can counteract ureteral spasm associated with ureteral stones have not been established.
(8) Metoclopramide did not counteract the apomorphine effect and, in higher doses, water intake was even further reduced.
(9) This effect increases with the estrogen dose and is counteracted more effectively by androgenic progestogens such as levonorgestrel than by nonandrogenic progestogens such as desogestrel.
(10) PGE2 counteracted the NA-effect in the former group of patients but did not affect the influence of NA at term.
(11) Addition of heme in vitro (10(-6)M) to the latter nuclei results in a significant counteraction of the decreased cytochrome P-450 (c + d) mRNA transcription.
(12) Two functions of these have been proposed: 1) that they are compatible osmolytes which regulate cell volume (against high external NaCl) without inhibiting proteins and 2) that methylamines (GPC and betaine) are counteracting osmolytes which stabilize proteins against perturbation from high renal urea.
(13) For this rather large pressures (about 700 hPa) are required to overcome the surface forces counteracting droplet formation.
(14) The drop in the blood-sugar levels was counteracted by corresponding infusions of glucose by the BIOSTATOR via a special clamp technique.
(15) In the wild strain (Em 5297a) thiourea is tenfold more toxic on an allantoin medium than on an inorganic nitrogen medium; allantoin as well as urea counteract thiourea toxicity in the allantoin nitrogen medium.
(16) Retinal traction can be counteracted by the oil up to a calculated threshold value, depending on the size and shape of the tear, the strength of the surface tension and, most importantly, the distance between the retina and choroid.
(17) Some of the changes found may be a result of adaptive mechanisms occurring in order to counteract the different biophysical effects of ethanol.
(18) This study evaluates whether suturing of replaced flaps with crown-attached sutures, following reconstructive surgery, counteracts postoperative recession of the gingival margins and facilitates new attachment.
(19) In the present article is shown that the histamine releasing effect is counteracted by the addition of histamine to the superfusion fluid.
(20) This barrier effect was partially counteracted by monensin or carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone.
Countervail
Definition:
(v. t.) To act against with equal force, power, or effect; to thwart or overcome by such action; to furnish an equivalent to or for; to counterbalance; to compensate.
(n.) Power or value sufficient to obviate any effect; equal weight, strength, or value; equivalent; compensation; requital.
Example Sentences:
(1) He strongly welcomes the rise of the NGO movement, which combines with media coverage to produce the beginning of some "countervailing power" to the larger corporations and the traditional policies of first world governments.
(2) The genesis of the modern ischemic forearm exercise test (IFET) employing the measurement of lactate and ammonia as countervailing metabolites is briefly reviewed, along with the application of the lactate ammonia exercise ratio in the diagnosis of myoadenylate deaminase deficiency and disorders of glycolysis and glycogenolysis.
(3) We conclude that both renal and adrenal actions of ANF can be rendered ineffective by countervailing mechanisms, suggesting an explanation for the apparent lack of biological activity of endogenously elevated plasma NAF in some disease states.
(4) He is less of a natural autocrat than Thatcher, but he has faced less effective opposition from rival Ministers, opposition parties or countervailing bodies.
(5) The battle between countervailing factions in the Trump White House continues to ebb and flow, but the president’s reflexes in times of adversity lead him to fall back on the “America First” narrative that got him elected in the first place.
(6) A further consequence is that, in the absence of countervailing human rights protections, anti-terrorism laws have created new precedents, understandings, expectations and political conventions about the proper limits of government in Australia.
(7) Although multiple factors, including lactic acidosis, might have countervailed the effect of her hypermagnesemia on the AG, there is no actual substantiation in the literature of an association between increased serum Mg and AG lowering.
(8) Various sources of non-market (collective) failure are then identified, as countervailing argument.
(9) It also warns that tax credits – the Labour's government's method of preventing stagnating incomes – will no longer be able to act as a countervailing force owing to the need to cut the deficit.
(10) Calling for legislation that would put workers on the boards of all but the smallest companies, the pair note: "What matters most for reducing inequality is the strength of progressive politics as a countervailing voice in society.
(11) All others had to shadow, with no countervailing leverage.
(12) Over the last generation, the weakening of trade unions’ countervailing market power has seen around 5.5% of GDP being moved permanently from the workforce to shareholders.
(13) It is in fact established that the incidence of endometrial adenocarcinomas is augmented by the application of a continuous oestrogenic without countervailing progestational-stimulus.
(14) Countervailing trends in the use of convenience foods and dining out increase the difficulty for individuals to lower sodium intake.
(15) Thus, they were providing the countervailing force that is a necessary component of accountability when the persons to be served are a powerless group.
(16) A better approach to maternal-fetal conflicts emphasizes mutually held goals rather than countervailing rights and uses the doctrine of informed consent to enhance the pregnant woman's ability to make responsible choices for both herself and her fetus.
(17) One major conclusion is that while school counselors and, to a lesser extent, classroom teachers often expressed the feeling that they should be more proactive and supportive as professionals committed to the welfare of all of their students, due to countervailing expressions of high levels of personal prejudice, ignorance, and fear, the realities of their professional intervention and support were negligible.
(18) This countervailing force would disseminate objective drug information to clinicians through 2,000 therapeutic consultants, subsidize professional journals and schools, develop regional drug information centers, and conduct a variety of related functions.
(19) "If great pressure is coming from above for cuts there has to be an equal, indeed more powerful, countervailing pressure from below, from the people," said Gibbons.
(20) Second, biocultural games on average exhibit greater equilibrium strategy diversity because of the countervailing influences of cultural transmission and natural selection.