(v. t.) To act in opposition to; to hinder, defeat, or frustrate, by contrary agency or influence; as, to counteract the effect of medicines; to counteract good advice.
Example Sentences:
(1) The origins of aging of higher forms of life, particularly humans, is presented as the consequence of an evolved balance between 4 specific kinds of dysfunction-producing events and 4 kinds of evolved counteracting effects in long-lived forms.
(2) Conversely, rat galanin increased unstimulated glucagon output (approximately 20%, P less than 0.05), potentiated the glucagon response to arginine (approximately 50%, P less than 0.05) and VIP (approximately 90%, P less than 0.05), and counteracted the suppressor effect of glucose on alpha-cell secretion.
(3) This inhibition is counteracted by the somewhat slower increase of NE turnover resulting in normalization of LH levels.
(4) These results suggest that CPZ interacts with smg p21B, smg GDS, or both, and thereby inhibits the smg GDS action, and that CPZ also interacts with the acidic phospholipids and thereby counteracts their inhibitory effect on the smg GDS action.
(5) Extracts from arrested cells counteracted the stimulating effects of extracts from proliferating cells with kinetics suggesting competitive interaction between stimulating and inhibitory factors.
(6) Acetylcholine increases their turnover, Atropine reduces it, and the addition of atropine counteracts the effect of acetylcholine in all these phospholipids.
(7) Whether they affect ureteral motility in vivo or whether they can counteract ureteral spasm associated with ureteral stones have not been established.
(8) Metoclopramide did not counteract the apomorphine effect and, in higher doses, water intake was even further reduced.
(9) This effect increases with the estrogen dose and is counteracted more effectively by androgenic progestogens such as levonorgestrel than by nonandrogenic progestogens such as desogestrel.
(10) PGE2 counteracted the NA-effect in the former group of patients but did not affect the influence of NA at term.
(11) Addition of heme in vitro (10(-6)M) to the latter nuclei results in a significant counteraction of the decreased cytochrome P-450 (c + d) mRNA transcription.
(12) Two functions of these have been proposed: 1) that they are compatible osmolytes which regulate cell volume (against high external NaCl) without inhibiting proteins and 2) that methylamines (GPC and betaine) are counteracting osmolytes which stabilize proteins against perturbation from high renal urea.
(13) For this rather large pressures (about 700 hPa) are required to overcome the surface forces counteracting droplet formation.
(14) The drop in the blood-sugar levels was counteracted by corresponding infusions of glucose by the BIOSTATOR via a special clamp technique.
(15) In the wild strain (Em 5297a) thiourea is tenfold more toxic on an allantoin medium than on an inorganic nitrogen medium; allantoin as well as urea counteract thiourea toxicity in the allantoin nitrogen medium.
(16) Retinal traction can be counteracted by the oil up to a calculated threshold value, depending on the size and shape of the tear, the strength of the surface tension and, most importantly, the distance between the retina and choroid.
(17) Some of the changes found may be a result of adaptive mechanisms occurring in order to counteract the different biophysical effects of ethanol.
(18) This study evaluates whether suturing of replaced flaps with crown-attached sutures, following reconstructive surgery, counteracts postoperative recession of the gingival margins and facilitates new attachment.
(19) In the present article is shown that the histamine releasing effect is counteracted by the addition of histamine to the superfusion fluid.
(20) This barrier effect was partially counteracted by monensin or carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone.
Neutralize
Definition:
(v. t.) To render neutral; to reduce to a state of neutrality.
(v. t.) To render inert or imperceptible the peculiar affinities of, as a chemical substance; to destroy the effect of; as, to neutralize an acid with a base.
(v. t.) To destroy the peculiar or opposite dispositions of; to reduce to a state of indifference inefficience; to counteract; as, to neutralize parties in government; to neutralize efforts, opposition, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) F(420) is photolabile aerobically in neutral and basic solutions, whereas the acid-stable chromophore is not photolabile under these conditions.
(2) Further analysis with two other synthetic peptides (212Cys to 222Glu and Cys X 221Ile to 236Glu) indicated that the dodecapeptide Ile-Glu-Phe-Gln-Lys-Asn-Asn-Arg-Leu-Leu-Glu mimicked either the whole or a major part of the neutralization epitope.
(3) In addition to esophageal manometry, we also performed acid-clearance studies and examined salivary output, acid-neutralizing capacity, and bicarbonate concentration.
(4) The presence of the expected C19 neutral and C18 phenolic steroids was confirmed.
(5) The free nucleoside IV was obtained by removal of blocking groups by sodium methoxide catalyzed deacylation, deionization under reducing atmosphere, and chromatography on neutral alumina.
(6) The spikes likely correspond to VP3, a hemagglutinin, while the rest of the mass density in the outer shell represents 780 molecules of VP7, a neutralization antigen.
(7) Poly (8NH2G) does not interact with poly(C) in neutral solution because of the high stability of the hemiprotonated G-G self-structure.
(8) Interaction of viable macrophages with cationic particles at 37 degrees C resulted in their "internalization" within vesicles and coated pits and a closer apposition between many segments of plasmalemma than with neutral or anionic substances.
(9) Most of the antibodies had some degree of complement-independent neutralizing capacity, but in common was a large neutralization-resistant fraction of virus (range 13 to 78%).
(10) Neutral sucrose density sedimentation patterns indicate that neutron-induced double strand-breaks sometimes occur in clusters of more than 100 in the same phage and that the effeciency with which double strand-breaks form is about 50 times that of gamma-induced double strand-breaks.
(11) None of these MAbs showed any virus-neutralizing activity in vitro; however, mice passively immunized with the purified MAbs were protected from lethal infection by the JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus.
(12) This cell type often showed supranuclear lysozyme reactivity and apical neutral mucins, sialomucins, and sulphomucins in variable amounts.
(13) Many organisations choose not to affiliate their aid work with the UN, particularly in conflict situations, where the organisation is not always seen either as neutral or separate from the work of the UN security council.
(14) Phosphatidylcholine dispersed on Celite was rapidly solubilized by neutral bovine serum albumin solutions.
(15) Term pregnancy (TP) or nonpregnancy (NP) pooled sera were fractionated on a S-300 neutral column.
(16) The relative importance of each of these growth factors in the in vivo situation will have to be elucidated by future studies using specific receptor antagonists or neutralizing antibodies.
(17) A highly significant correlation was observed between neutralization of indirect hemolysis and neutralization of lethal activity.
(18) One p-nitrophenyl phosphate phosphatase (A) and five protein phosphatases (B, C, D, E, F) with neutral pH optimum (7.0-7.5) were partially purified from human platelets.
(19) Analysis of literature data in which both the in vivo protection test and the in vitro neutralization test results were available on the same sera showed consistency with the above conclusions for both cattle and swine sera.
(20) Ruminal digestion (% of intake) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose decreased linearly (P less than .05), whereas acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion responded in a cubic (P less than .05) fashion to increasing concentrate level; NaHCO3 improved ruminal digestion of NDF (P less than .10) and ADF (P less than .05), but not hemicellulose.