What's the difference between counterfeit and sham?

Counterfeit


Definition:

  • (adv.) Representing by imitation or likeness; having a resemblance to something else; portrayed.
  • (adv.) Fabricated in imitation of something else, with a view to defraud by passing the false copy for genuine or original; as, counterfeit antiques; counterfeit coin.
  • (adv.) Assuming the appearance of something; false; spurious; deceitful; hypocritical; as, a counterfeit philanthropist.
  • (n.) That which resembles or is like another thing; a likeness; a portrait; a counterpart.
  • (n.) That which is made in imitation of something, with a view to deceive by passing the false for the true; as, the bank note was a counterfeit.
  • (n.) One who pretends to be what he is not; one who personates another; an impostor; a cheat.
  • (v. t.) To imitate, or put on a semblance of; to mimic; as, to counterfeit the voice of another person.
  • (v. t.) To imitate with a view to deceiving, by passing the copy for that which is original or genuine; to forge; as, to counterfeit the signature of another, coins, notes, etc.
  • (v. i.) To carry on a deception; to dissemble; to feign; to pretend.
  • (v. i.) To make counterfeits.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) I said, ''It's the fake femininity I can't stand, and the counterfeit voice.
  • (2) The lobbying firms' claims about counterfeiting have been roundly rejected by the Trading Standards Institute, which claims that tobacco products are already easy to counterfeit and that it is not convinced by arguments that suggest the introduction of plain packaging will lead to an increase in counterfeiting.
  • (3) Many arrive on donkeys from Turkey, but there is no way of knowing which products are counterfeit and which are real.
  • (4) The first new £1 coin since 1983 is an attempt to end counterfeiting.
  • (5) He focuses on counterfeit and substandard medicines and the role of intellectual property and trade law on access to medicines in less developed countries.
  • (6) Look,” Kasich said as he celebrated his big win in his home state of Ohio, “this is all I got.” At this point, he held open his suit jacket to reveal no counterfeit watches, concealed weapons or wads of cash.
  • (7) In June 2012, the month that Butt was sentenced to 15 years in jail, the DSI smashed another major counterfeiting syndicate, this one accused of issuing some 3,000 falsified passports and visas over the five years of its existence, two of them to Iranians convicted of carrying out a series of botched bomb attacks in Bangkok in February 2012, supposedly aimed at Israeli diplomats .
  • (8) The Royal Mint says: "Under the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 it is an offence to knowingly pass on a counterfeit £1 coin."
  • (9) She suggested that the US authorities were guilty either of “a technically incompetent misinterpretation of the facts” or had been fooled by a “counterfeit in order to frame my company”.
  • (10) In a further ruse to try to beat the counterfeiters, it has “milled” edges, with grooves on alternate sides.
  • (11) Yahoo plan Last month Alibaba said it had removed 90m listings for goods that might have infringed trademarks and had spent $161m in the past two years on blocking counterfeit goods and improving consumer protection.
  • (12) An anti-counterfeiting group said on Friday it was suspending Alibaba’s membership following an uproar by some companies that view the Chinese e-commerce giant as the world’s largest marketplace for fakes .
  • (13) The act, which became effective on July 21, 1988, is intended to reduce public health risks from adulterated, misbranded, and counterfeit drug products that enter the marketplace through drug diversion.
  • (14) Hill's lawyer complains that as a result the prisoner is left "with no means for determining whether the drugs for his lethal injection are safe and will reliably perform their function, or if they are tainted, counterfeited, expired or compromised in some other way."
  • (15) ONdigital eventually ceased trading amid a wave of counterfeiting by pirates, leaving the lucrative pay-TV field clear for Sky.
  • (16) , in which cartoon eastern European gangsters drool over the financial possibilities of regulation – although anti-counterfeiting measures can easily be incorporated into plain packets.
  • (17) "Counterfeit £1 coins are not genuine currency and no value can therefore be given for them," says the Mint.
  • (18) But, there's no doubt counterfeit coins and notes can seriously damage small businesses.
  • (19) It is putting out a call for members to help support the fight against Drip, pushing its participation in the defeat of the " snoopers' charter " and Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (Acta) as evidence of what can be accomplished.
  • (20) While the Royal Mint assures us that replacing one coin with another is not as expensive as we might think, this may be because much of the additional bill – £45m as someone estimated on Radio 4's Today programme (which eerily recalls the number of counterfeit pounds thought to be in circulation) – will, it seems, be paid by business, and by us.

Sham


Definition:

  • (n.) That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug.
  • (n.) A false front, or removable ornamental covering.
  • (a.) False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight.
  • (v. t.) To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
  • (v. t.) To obtrude by fraud or imposition.
  • (v. t.) To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign.
  • (v. i.) To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The results indicated that smoke, as opposed to sham puffs, significantly reduced reports of cigarette craving, and local anesthesia significantly blocked this immediate reduction in craving produced by smoke inhalation.
  • (2) Five days later, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group 1 received intracranial implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 2 received intraperitoneal implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 3 received serial intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone; and Group 4 received sham treatment.
  • (3) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
  • (4) Meanwhile Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, waiting anxiously for news of the scale of the Labour advance in his first nationwide electoral test, will urge the electorate not to be duped by the promise of a coalition mark 2, predicting sham concessions by the Conservatives .
  • (5) The plasma renin activity of the 1 day post-stenosis rats showed 65% higher activity than the sham controls with no significant change in the 30-60 days post-stenosis.
  • (6) The results indicate that, regardless of the photoperiod, no clear functional relationship can be found between the avian pineal gland and thyroid function, although a transitory increase in T4 levels was seen in both pinealectomized and sham-operated birds shortly after the operations.
  • (7) The amounts of erythropoietin produced in animals subjected to hepatectomy are significantly higher than those observed in sham-operated animals.
  • (8) However, stimulation of the release of NTLI by intraduodenal administration of oleic acid (0.2 ml) resulted in significantly higher p-NTLI levels in the nephrectomized rats than in the sham operated rats.
  • (9) Three groups of male rats received lesions of AP and another 3 groups received sham lesion.
  • (10) Pretreatment with CV6209 had no significant influence on these parameters in sham-operated animals.
  • (11) We found that kidney extracts from 6 h and 24 h uninephrectomized rats increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into tubular cell DNA, dose-dependently, compared to those from sham-operated rats.
  • (12) The sizes of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (N) cells in the adrenal medulla of nonoperated (NO), sham-operated (SPX), and pinealectomized (PX) male rats (n = 126) were investigated by quantitative light microscopy.
  • (13) The concentrations and total content of the nicotinamide nucleotides were measured in the livers of rats at various times after partial hepatectomy and laparotomy (sham hepatectomy) and correlated with other events in the regeneration process.
  • (14) The volume densities of the differing strial components from steroid-administered animals were determined to approximate those of sham-adrenalectomized animals in general.
  • (15) With five daily 1-hr occlusions of the hepatic artery, rats benefited from significantly reduced tumor growth rates compared with controls that underwent sham operation (P less than 0.05).
  • (16) In the dynamic phase the weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly increased in the VMH-lesioned rats, but the specific GDP binding was depressed both in the morning and afternoon when compared with either the sham-operated or PVN-lesioned groups.
  • (17) There were no changes in the joints which had sham operations.
  • (18) In contrast, in Px-SUC both masses were comparable to the sham groups.
  • (19) Only at 3 days did total plasma volume of SAD rats show a modest reduction of about 16% (P less than 0.05 vs. sham-operated plus unoperated controls).
  • (20) The binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) was compared in acini isolated from the regenerating remnant following 90% partial pancreatectomy (ppx) and from the pancreas of sham-pancreatectomized (sham-ppx) rats.