(n.) The female of certain large mammals, as whales, seals, etc.
(v. t.) To depress with fear; to daunt the spirits or courage of; to overawe.
(n.) A wedge, or brake, to check the motion of a machine or car; a chock.
Example Sentences:
(1) Increased plasmin activity was associated with advancing stage of lactation and older cows after appropriate adjustments were made for the effects of milk yield and SCC.
(2) Abruptly changing cows from one feeding system to another did not influence milk yield, milk composition, or body weight gain.
(3) Angus (A), Charolais (C), Hereford (H), Limousin (L), and Simmental (S) breeds were included in deterministic computer models simulating integrated cow-calf-feedlot production systems.
(4) Ernst Reissner studied the formation of the inner ear initially using the embryos of fowls, then the embryos of mammals, mainly cows and pigs, and to a less extent the embryos of man.
(5) The relative effect of the intramammary infections and of different factors related to the cow (parity, stage of lactation, milk yield) on the individual cell counts, were studied for 30 months on the 62 black-and-white Holstein cows of an experimental herd.
(6) Sires of the cows had been divergently selected on yearling weight (YW) and total maternal (MAT) EPD to form four groups: high YW, high MAT EPD; high YW, low MAT EPD; low YW, high MAT EPD; and low YW, low MAT EPD.
(7) The surface phenotypes of bovine intestinal leukocytes isolated from the intraepithelium (IEL), lamina propria (LPL) and Peyer's patches (PPL) of the small intestinal mucosa of normal adult cows were determined using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific to adult bovine peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL).
(8) To evaluate B cell percentage as a means of detecting subclinical progression of bovine leukemia virus infection, an index was developed based upon the distribution of B cell percentages in seronegative cows.
(9) This indicates a potential use for 1,25(OH)2D3 to prevent and treat hypocalcaemic cows with or without concurrent hypomagnesaemia.
(10) It was also established that the Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from raw cow milk did not refer to the European serotypes 0:3 and 0:9 that were pathogenic for humans.
(11) During a single reversal trial of two 2-wk experimental periods, teats of all glands of 12 Holstein cows were subjected to a milking routine conducive to large vacuum fluctuations and flooded teat cups.
(12) Total white cell counts were reviewed in paediatric in-patients with viral gastroenteritis, bacterial gastroenteritis, delayed recovery following acute gastroenteritis, viral lower respiratory tract infections and cow's milk protein intolerance.
(13) In experiment II, RS cows had a higher pregnancy rate (87.6% vs 66.0%, P less than 0.05) and a shorter postpartum interval (83 vs 101 days, P less than 0.05) than did NS cows.
(14) Combining data on cows with productive and salvaged outcomes as satisfactory outcome, and terminal as unsatisfactory outcome, total correct classification was 90.7% for the admission model and 93.2% for the surgical model.
(15) [3H]-oxytocin was specifically bound to the 105,000 X g particulate fractions from 5 lactating cows and 5 non-lactating cows.
(16) One hundred and forty six calving interval records were built up from 64 N'Dama cows maintained for 3.5 years under a high natural tsetse challenge in Zaire.
(17) Following parturition, NONLAC cows averaged 4.0 d to negative EB nadir and 14.3 d to first ovulation.
(18) Eight periparturient cows were on a high Ca diet prepartum.
(19) The effect on milk yield, milk leucocyte concentration, and milk prolactin of dominance rank and introduction of "strange" cows into a group was studied.
(20) Preserving alfalfa as silage and feeding in a TMR to cows in early lactation resulted in greater milk production via increased DMI or improved feed efficiency compared with preserving alfalfa as hay and feeding grain separately.
Foremilk
Definition:
(n.) The milk secreted just before, or directly after, the birth of a child or of the young of an animal; colostrum.
Example Sentences:
(1) The conclusion is that rise of blood glucose does not take place in all piglets after the first intake of foremilk.
(2) For foremilk, geometric means of Coulter milk somatic cell counts and Fossomatic counts were not different.
(3) There was no difference among foremilk, middle milk and hind milk, nor was there a diurnal pattern of variation in unesterified choline concentrations.
(4) Quarter foremilk samples were aseptically collected from each cow within 1 mo of drying off and within 1 mo after parturition for bacteriological analysis.
(5) Variation of three estimates of udder inflammation (SCC, California mastitis test, and electrical conductivity) among the foremilk, machine milk, and hand stripping samples were studied.
(6) With two groups of 12 cows, a procedure involving foremilking, teat washing and drying before milking was compared with no premilking preparation for its effects on mastitis and teat contamination.
(7) Machine milk, foremilk, and stripping milk fractions in udders where both halves were healthy were compared.
(8) Most variables were more accurate in predicting infection when measures were in strippings rather than in foremilk or bucket milk.
(9) Foremilk samples were obtained for bacteriological examination, somatic cell count of milk, and for assay of phagocytosis.
(10) Levels of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandins F2 alpha and prostacyclin (measured as 6-keto PGF1 alpha) were measured by radioimmunoassay in aliquots of foremilk and hindmilk obtained at different stages of lactation, (colostrum, transitional and mature milk), from ten healthy nursing mothers who delivered at term.
(11) Foremilk samples were taken aseptically for bacterial analysis.
(12) The diagnostic reliability of techniques for determining the prevalence of teat canal infections varies: bacteriological results obtained by examination of teat canal swabs were 20% higher on average than those of foremilk samples (FMS) examined and classified according to the criteria of the International Dairy Federation (IDF).
(13) The log SCC of the machine milk did not differ from that of the foremilk fraction but was significantly less than the stripping milk.
(14) Quarter samples of foremilk, strippings, and bucket milk were obtained from 75 cows at the afternoon milking over 8 wk.
(15) The following were recorded: daily milk production, feed intake, and health observations; weekly body weight, temperature, heart and respiratory rates and rectal palpation; semi-monthly clinical chemistry determinations; and monthly milk fat, microbiological culture of quarter foremilk samples, and composite milk somatic cell counts.
(16) There was earlier appearance of foremilk and milk in these females.
(17) Season affected the levels of 25-(OH)D and vitamin D. The 25-(OH)D levels were higher in hind- than in foremilk.
(18) Breastmilk composition is known to vary depending on various factors (foremilk for example, is lower in fat than hindmilk) and a single test might not provide an accurate overall measurement.
(19) For the majority of newborn domestic animals evidence has been produced to the effect that the intestine can absorb intact antibody from foremilk.
(20) Reverse correlation was observed between ACTH and hormones secreted by the pituitary gland in foremilk and mature breast milk.