(n.) A pustular eruptive disease of the cow, which, when communicated to the human system, as by vaccination, protects from the smallpox; vaccinia; -- called also kinepox, cowpock, and kinepock.
Example Sentences:
(1) The profile of polypeptide bands of cowpox virions was also almost the same as that of vaccinia virions, except for several polypeptides of about 40,000 to 50,000 daltons, but the profile of Shope fibroma virions differed considerably from that of vaccinia or cowpox virions.
(2) In 1796, Edward Jenner developed the first effective vaccine against an infectious disease by using cowpox virus to prevent subsequent infection with smallpox.
(3) These results demonstrate that an intact CHO hr gene is not required for maintenance of ectromelia virus in nature and provide a partial explanation for ectromelia virus' narrow host range, as opposed to the broad host range of cowpox virus, which has a functional CHO hr gene.
(4) Poxviruses isolated from captive carnivores in Russia (Moscow virus) and elephants in Germany (elephant virus) were very closely-related to cowpox virus.
(5) Various strains of vaccinia, variola, whitepox, monkeypox and cowpox viruses were examined for their capacity to induce a specific early antigen detectable on the surface of infected cells.
(6) Cowpox virus, in contrast to vaccinia virus, can multiply in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
(7) Modifications to the sequence of the promoter of an early gene of cowpox virus enable this promoter to direct the synthesis of RNAs containing 5' poly(A) sequences.
(8) The constituents of LS antigen from cells infected with vaccinia virus and with cowpox virus were compared by immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
(9) In order to produce larger amounts of it that are necessary for studying its properties in detail, we have cloned it into a mammalian expression vector system that consists of the very strong cowpox virus A-type inclusion body protein gene promoter inserted into the vaccinia virus genome.
(10) The promoter region of an early gene (38K gene) of cowpox virus has been characterized by deletion and linker scanning mutational analyses.
(11) Some, from Turkmenistan rodents or from white rats caught near Moscow, appeared to be very close to cowpox virus, while others (from Zaire rodents) were identical to variola-like (whitepox) viruses found earlier in monkeys in the same region.
(12) Clustered cases of a disease in men and cows firstly diagnosed as cowpox has been described.
(13) Insertion of the CHO gene from cowpox virus into the ectromelia virus genome extended the host range of ectromelia virus in tissue culture.
(14) This protein is highly conserved in members of the Orthopoxvirus group, but in cowpox virus, a 41K virion protein was specifically recognized by antibodies that reacted against the vaccinia virus 39K protein.
(15) vary from about 120 x 10(6) for rabbitpox to about 145 x 10(6) for cowpox.
(16) Two early and four late polypeptides in cells infected with vaccinia or cowpox virus were specifically immunoprecipitated with antiserum against Shope fibroma virus.
(17) Endonuclease SmaI cleaves exceptionally infrequently and distinguishes variola, monkeypox, vaccinia, cowpox or ectromelia viruses.
(18) Comparative studies of virus-induced polypeptides on the basis of migration in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that 11 polypeptides were early polypeptides common to both vaccinia and cowpox viruses; 21 were late polypeptides common to both vaccinia and cowpox viruses; 4 were early polypeptides common to both vaccinia and Shope fibroma viruses; 7 were late polypeptides common to both vaccinia and Shope fibroma viruses; 5 were early polypeptides common to both cowpox and Shope fibroma viruses; 9 were late polypeptides common to both cowpox and Shope fibroma viruses; 4 were early polypeptides common to all three viruses; and 7 were late polypeptides common to all three viruses.
(19) Inactivation of the SPI-3 gene in any of the HA+ orthopoxviruses tested caused infected cells to fuse in a manner which appeared identical to that seen for HA- mutants, although fusion was most pronounced with cowpox virus.
(20) Analysis of the genomes with a variety of restriction endonucleases showed very close relationship between all the isolates and also failed to separate feline isolates from cowpox virus.
Udder
Definition:
(n.) The glandular organ in which milk is secreted and stored; -- popularly called the bag in cows and other quadrupeds. See Mamma.
(n.) One of the breasts of a woman.
Example Sentences:
(1) Skin diseases of the udder include viral infections, mange, sunburn, wounds, and staphylococcal dermatitis.
(2) A limit value of 4.6 per cent has been commonly assumed in literature and proved to be a sound basis for udder health assessment, provided that the given phase of lactation is taken into due consideration (exclusion of cows in the first month post partum as well as of aged milking cows from the seventh month of lactation).
(3) Tests for the purchase of milk on quality must include tests for udder health by regular electronic cell counting of raw milk sources.
(4) The inhibitory activity of the secretions on Streptococcus uberis was determined and the susceptibility of the udder to infection by this organism was tested by intramammary infusion of 250 colony forming units at the above stages.
(5) The transfer of spores via the udder or via the maternal feces led to very similar levels of implantation of spores in the digestive tract of neonates.
(6) Dairy form, rear udder height, and rear udder width had strong to moderate positive genetic correlations with the three production traits.
(7) Although infected cell excretion was restricted to one half of the udder, virus-specific lesions were found in both udder halves.
(8) From the results it is apparent that, on subclinical levels, udder health of dairy cows depends in principle on a variety of conditions, variability in dynamic fluctuations and the balance between persistent, deteriorating and improving health states.
(9) When the metal grid was in poor condition, the incidence of teat injuries as well as udder diseases of heifers increased.
(10) In an 11-mo trial, backflushing was applied to teatcups that milked the right half of the udder; the left half served as control.
(11) Subclinical mastitis is a major problem in udder health control.
(12) After the hour 0 sampling (summer only), one side of the udder of each of 12 ewes (group 1) was milked hourly for 4 h, and the opposite side was milked only at 0 and 4 h. Group 2 ewes were milked only at 0 and 4 h and blood was collected from both groups at 0 h and 4 h. Concentrations of prolactin were correlated in pairs of milk or blood samples from the same ewe and in plasma and milk of ewes in group 2 but not in group 1.
(13) Simultaneous isolation of anaerobic bacteria from udder quarter abscesses and mastitic milk from the same quarter occur in some lactating dairy cows.
(14) Analysis of 448 milk samples (11 herds) from caprine udder halves showed that microorganisms were isolated from 21.8% of the samples.
(15) 1 showed that lamb 30-d weights, ewe weights at breeding time, and udder width at peak lactation were highly correlated with suckled milk yield (r = .81, .75 and .66, respectively).
(16) The level of total lactate dehydrogenase activity in dairy cow milk serum was studied in sets of quarter-udder milks showing different degrees of a positive response to Mastitis test-NK.
(17) The secretory capacity of the udder is thus normally established well before parturition in the mare.
(18) In similar experiments the skim milk derived from whole accumulating in the udder overnight was lower in adenosine triphosphate (14.2 muM) than skim milk from freshly secreted milk (26.0 muM).
(19) No germ growth was established from 9.5 per cent of all samples taken from udder quarters with increased cell counts and conductivities and from 4.1 per cent of those samples taken from intact udder quarters.
(20) Effects of oral administration of 0, 5, 10, or 20 mug of 6 alpha, 9 alpha-difluoro-16alpha-methyl-prednisolone (Flumethasone) daily on milk and milk component yields, udder health reproductive performance, and body weight change were measured.