What's the difference between cowpox and vaccinia?
Cowpox
Definition:
(n.) A pustular eruptive disease of the cow, which, when communicated to the human system, as by vaccination, protects from the smallpox; vaccinia; -- called also kinepox, cowpock, and kinepock.
Example Sentences:
(1) The profile of polypeptide bands of cowpox virions was also almost the same as that of vaccinia virions, except for several polypeptides of about 40,000 to 50,000 daltons, but the profile of Shope fibroma virions differed considerably from that of vaccinia or cowpox virions.
(2) In 1796, Edward Jenner developed the first effective vaccine against an infectious disease by using cowpox virus to prevent subsequent infection with smallpox.
(3) These results demonstrate that an intact CHO hr gene is not required for maintenance of ectromelia virus in nature and provide a partial explanation for ectromelia virus' narrow host range, as opposed to the broad host range of cowpox virus, which has a functional CHO hr gene.
(4) Poxviruses isolated from captive carnivores in Russia (Moscow virus) and elephants in Germany (elephant virus) were very closely-related to cowpox virus.
(5) Various strains of vaccinia, variola, whitepox, monkeypox and cowpox viruses were examined for their capacity to induce a specific early antigen detectable on the surface of infected cells.
(6) Cowpox virus, in contrast to vaccinia virus, can multiply in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
(7) Modifications to the sequence of the promoter of an early gene of cowpox virus enable this promoter to direct the synthesis of RNAs containing 5' poly(A) sequences.
(8) The constituents of LS antigen from cells infected with vaccinia virus and with cowpox virus were compared by immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
(9) In order to produce larger amounts of it that are necessary for studying its properties in detail, we have cloned it into a mammalian expression vector system that consists of the very strong cowpox virus A-type inclusion body protein gene promoter inserted into the vaccinia virus genome.
(10) The promoter region of an early gene (38K gene) of cowpox virus has been characterized by deletion and linker scanning mutational analyses.
(11) Some, from Turkmenistan rodents or from white rats caught near Moscow, appeared to be very close to cowpox virus, while others (from Zaire rodents) were identical to variola-like (whitepox) viruses found earlier in monkeys in the same region.
(12) Clustered cases of a disease in men and cows firstly diagnosed as cowpox has been described.
(13) Insertion of the CHO gene from cowpox virus into the ectromelia virus genome extended the host range of ectromelia virus in tissue culture.
(14) This protein is highly conserved in members of the Orthopoxvirus group, but in cowpox virus, a 41K virion protein was specifically recognized by antibodies that reacted against the vaccinia virus 39K protein.
(15) vary from about 120 x 10(6) for rabbitpox to about 145 x 10(6) for cowpox.
(16) Two early and four late polypeptides in cells infected with vaccinia or cowpox virus were specifically immunoprecipitated with antiserum against Shope fibroma virus.
(17) Endonuclease SmaI cleaves exceptionally infrequently and distinguishes variola, monkeypox, vaccinia, cowpox or ectromelia viruses.
(18) Comparative studies of virus-induced polypeptides on the basis of migration in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that 11 polypeptides were early polypeptides common to both vaccinia and cowpox viruses; 21 were late polypeptides common to both vaccinia and cowpox viruses; 4 were early polypeptides common to both vaccinia and Shope fibroma viruses; 7 were late polypeptides common to both vaccinia and Shope fibroma viruses; 5 were early polypeptides common to both cowpox and Shope fibroma viruses; 9 were late polypeptides common to both cowpox and Shope fibroma viruses; 4 were early polypeptides common to all three viruses; and 7 were late polypeptides common to all three viruses.
(19) Inactivation of the SPI-3 gene in any of the HA+ orthopoxviruses tested caused infected cells to fuse in a manner which appeared identical to that seen for HA- mutants, although fusion was most pronounced with cowpox virus.
(20) Analysis of the genomes with a variety of restriction endonucleases showed very close relationship between all the isolates and also failed to separate feline isolates from cowpox virus.
Vaccinia
Definition:
(n.) Cowpox; vaccina. See Cowpox.
Example Sentences:
(1) The combination vaccine consisted of 12 Lf tetanus toxoid and 10 TCID50 vaccinia virus "MVA" preserved with gelatine and glucosamine.
(2) The specificity of vaccinia restriction was demonstrated by the ability of myxoma virus to replicate in nonimmune and vaccinia-immune macrophages.
(3) The profile of polypeptide bands of cowpox virions was also almost the same as that of vaccinia virions, except for several polypeptides of about 40,000 to 50,000 daltons, but the profile of Shope fibroma virions differed considerably from that of vaccinia or cowpox virions.
(4) Both the formazans and tetrazolium salts were screened for their antiviral activity against the Ranikhet disease virus and vaccinia virus in a stationary culture of chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo.
(5) H-2b mice primed with the wildtype of vesicular stomatitis virus serotype Indiana (VSV-IND wt) mount an in vitro measurable cytotoxic response against the nucleoprotein (NP) of VSV-IND and are protected against a challenge infection with a vaccinia-VSV recombinant virus expressing the NP of VSV-IND (vacc-IND-NP).
(6) The data collected by several approaches reveal that assembly and maturation of vaccinia involves a tightly coupled sequence of interrelated events including the assembly of the envelope, post-translational cleavage of several virion polypeptides, and induction of the core enzymes.
(7) The relationship of vaccinia haemagglutinin (HA) to extracellular enveloped virus (EEV) was examined.
(8) Western immunoblot analysis using antiserum made to the vaccinia rpo30 protein expressed in bacteria indicated that the 30-kDa protein remains associated with highly purified viral RNA polymerase.
(9) Human proenkephalin generated by means of a recombinant vaccinia virus expression vector was used as the substrate for a putative processing enzyme obtained from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules.
(10) Extracts were also prepared from vaccinia-infected HEp-2, RK and W-K cells respectively.
(11) Compounds 3a and 3c exhibited significant activity against vaccinia virus in vitro, whereas 4a was effective against Rift Valley fever virus in mice.
(12) The intravenous injection of mice with toxic doses of vaccinia virus, prepared in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, usually produces fatal intravascular coagulation, within 24 hours.
(13) In the presence of polyamine and Mg2+ or Mn2+ the viral RNA polymerase was active in the transcription of total native vaccinia DNA and a small fragment cloned in pBR322.
(14) FL cells infected with vaccinia virus or its recombinant carrying the gag gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were examined by ultra-high-resolution scanning electron microscopy.
(15) A young girl, vaccinated against smallpox 6 years before suffered from a persistent vaccinia virus infection and a congenital skin disease, i.e.
(16) The structures of two vaccinia virus genes (B15R and B18R) from near the right inverted terminal repeat are described.
(17) To determine whether resistance to superinfection was associated with the presence of vaccinia DNA in the nucleus, DNA from cells at different passage levels was hybridized to a vaccinia DNA probe.
(18) The mutants were analyzed by staining with a battery of CD4-specific mAb, by assessing their ability to bind soluble gp120, and by their ability to form syncytia after infection with cell-free HIV I virus and a gp160-vaccinia vector.
(19) Vaccinia virus recombinants containing the herpes simplex virus (HSV) gene for glycoprotein D type 1 (gD-1) under control of an early (VP176) or late (VP254) vaccinia virus promoter or for HSV glycoprotein type 2 (gD-2) under control of the early promoter (VP221) were studied for their ability to induce protective immunity to HSV-2 in the guinea pig model of cutaneous recurrent disease and the mouse model of fatal disease.
(20) The T7 polymerase, expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus, transcribed the Escherichia coli lacZ gene flanked by T7 promoter and terminator signals.