(n.) Any crustacean of the family Astacidae, resembling the lobster, but smaller, and found in fresh waters. Crawfishes are esteemed very delicate food both in Europe and America. The North American species are numerous and mostly belong to the genus Cambarus. The blind crawfish of the Mammoth Cave is Cambarus pellucidus. The common European species is Astacus fluviatilis.
(n.) See Crawfish.
Example Sentences:
(1) Similar to intact crayfish, animals with an isolated protocerebrum-eyestalk complex, exhibit competent circadian rhythms in the electroretinogram (ERG).
(2) When caffeine evokes a contraction, and only then, crayfish muscle fibers become refractory to a second challenge with caffeine for up to 20 min in the standard saline (5 mM K(o)).
(3) Anthopleurin-A produced two distinct responses in crayfish giant axons: depolarization and prolongation of action potentials.
(4) After 2 weeks of chronic exposure to 75 mM EtOH, crayfish showed behavioral tolerance as measured by a decrease in righting time and an increase in tail-flip escape behavior to control levels.
(5) The factors acting at the crayfish and cockroach blood-brain barrier are summarized in FIGURE 8 and would be well suited for providing efficient K+ spatial buffering of the CNS.
(6) The equations of membrane potential developed by Kobatake and coworkers have been applied to the literature data on the resting membrane potential of the crayfish and Myxicola axons to derive values for the surface charge density present on the axon membranes.
(7) Transection of crayfish peripheral nerves proximal to the neuron cell bodies produced a more than two-fold increase in [3H]leucine incorporation, but no significant changes in labeling profiles of the proteins on SDS gels.
(8) Ultimately, I need to get rid of of crayfish and crayfish products – my dreams are so much bigger than what we are doing right now.
(9) This species preferred a higher temperature than its acclimation temperature for those acclimation temperatures ranging from 6 degrees to 26 degrees C. When acclimated to 30 degrees and 33 degrees C, the crayfish preferred a lower temperature than its acclimation temperature.
(10) All three toxins prolonged crayfish giant axon action potentials by selectively slowing Na channel inactivation without greatly affecting activation.
(11) Specific high affinity binding of the cage convulsant t-[35S]butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) was observed in membrane homogenates of housefly heads and crayfish abdominal muscles.
(12) A toxin from the Bermuda anemone Condylactis gigantea causes the early transient conductance change of crayfish giant axon membranes to persist without affecting the shape of its turning-on.
(13) Simulation results are shown to be in qualitative agreement with experimental data reported for Aplysia and crayfish.
(14) The axons of the pigmented cells terminate in the neuropil of the protocerebral bridge, together with neuronal elements that label with antibodies against serotonin and substance P. We suggest that the brain photoreceptors of the crayfish are important in the entrainment of circadian rhythms.
(15) By stimulating and recording from the same interneuron at two separate points, we have shown that coordinated output to the postural abdominal muscles of crayfish can be produced by electrical stimulation of a single cell.
(16) There are more unsaturated fatty acids in the crayfish than in the rabbit membranes.
(17) The glutathione S-transferase activity in hepatopancreas of the American red crayfish Procambarus clarkii after 15 days' acclimatization in tap water aquaria was measured in specimens collected monthly for a whole year, and shows seasonal variation.
(18) As part of its repertoire of defensive behaviors, the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, may respond to mildly threatening tactile or visual stimuli from the front of its body by walking backwards.
(19) In nonmuscle tissues, four types of isoforms were found on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and in immunoreplica tests using an antiserum against crayfish skeletal muscle tropomyosin.
(20) Visual pigment absorption spectra were measured in single photoreceptors of a stomatopod, a crayfish, a hermit crab, and five species of brachyuran crab.
Dogfish
Definition:
(n.) A small shark, of many species, of the genera Mustelus, Scyllium, Spinax, etc.
(n.) The bowfin (Amia calva). See Bowfin.
(n.) The burbot of Lake Erie.
Example Sentences:
(1) In other dogfish, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, and Na and K excretory rates were measured for 3 days following implantation of desoxycorticosterone (DOCA), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), or spironolactone; a control group was given no drug.
(2) The results showed that dogfish lenses developed superficial opacities due to near-UV exposure.
(3) The N-terminal tridecapeptide sequence was identical with the proposed structure of dogfish alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH).
(4) The "apo" lactate dehydrogenase structure was solved by use of the known apo-M4 dogfish lactate dehydrogenase molecule as a starting model.
(5) In addition, the interrenal cells of the common dogfish are strikingly rich in microfilament-like inclusions.
(6) In contrast to dogfish sharks, stringrays with high spinal transections do not locomote.
(7) It is concluded that, despite a broader specificity, the activity spectrum of dogfish enzyme is, in many respects, similar to that of calf chymosin.
(8) Tissue from the digitiform rectal gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, was fixed briefly by formaldehyde perfusion and studied for the specificity and localization of p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (NPP'ase) activity.
(9) A melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) has been isolated from extracts of the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary of the dogfish Squalus acanthias by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography.
(10) Initial-rate studies were made of the oxidation of L-glutamate by NAD+ and NADP+ catalysed by highly purified preparations of dogfish liver glutamate dehydrogenase.
(11) Aqueous humor dynamics were studied in the dogfish, Squalus acanthias, using isotopically labeled inulin, Na+, Cl-, and HCO-3.
(12) The spiracular sense organs of the little skate, Raja erinacea, and the smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis, respond to movements of the hyomandibula-cranial joint.
(13) The primary structure of glucagon isolated from the intestine of the common dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, was established as H S E G T F T S D Y S K Y M D N R R A K D F V Q W L M N T. The peptide shows four substitutions compared with human glucagon: Glu-3 for Gln, Met-14 for Leu, Asn-16 for Ser and Lys-20 for Gln.
(14) Glycogen debranching enzyme (4-alpha-glucanotransferase amylo-1,6-glucosidase, EC 2.4.1.25 + 3.2.1.33) was purified 140-fold from dogfish muscle in a rapid, high-yield procedure that takes advantage of a strong binding of the enzyme to glycogen, and its quantitative adsorption to concanavalin A-Sepharose only when the polysaccharide is present.
(15) The skin of the dogfish in an exchanger for oxygen supplying 10% of oxygen requirements of other organs of the body in these experimental conditions (t = 13 degrees C).
(16) In marine fish (herring, dogfish shark, hagfish) FAO activities were all less than 15% that of rats and undetectable in hagfish.
(17) The dogfish enzyme has a higher pH optimum (8.5) and a broader spectrum of activity above and below its optimum than a commercial porcine lipase preparation (optimum, 7.5).
(18) The physiological effects of dogfish GnRH included the release of not only gonadotropin but also growth hormone from goldfish pituitary fragments.
(19) In this experiment, testicular tissues from different dogfish corresponding to the zones of lobules with spermatogonia (A), spermatocytes (B), early spermatids (C) and late spermatids (D) were dissected out and pooled.
(20) The vascular capacitance and volume distensibility of the isolated dogfish gut and segments of dogfish arteries and veins were investigated.