(1) Numerous 70-mmicro diameter vesicles apparently pinch off from the Golgi systems, transport this material through the egg, and probably then fuse to form a crenate, membrane-limited yolk droplet.
(2) In vitro incubation of human blood cells with iodinated radiographic contrast media (RCM) produced marked effects which were dose-dependent: erythrocytes showed crenation which was reversible; neutrophil leukocytes released the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase; basophil leukocytes released histamine; and platelets released serotonin as well as beta-glucuronidase.
(3) Our results indicate: 1) linear RBC pressure-flow behavior over a driving pressure range of 2 to 10.5 cm H2O with zero velocity intercepts at delta P = 0, thus suggesting the Poiseuille-like nature of the flow; 2) resistance to flow or "apparent viscosities" for normal RBC which are between 3.1 to 3.9 cPoise and are independent of driving pressure and pore geometry; 3) increased flow resistance (i.e., increased transit times) for old versus young RBC and for RBC made less deformable by DNP-induced crenation or by heat treatment at 48 degrees C; 4) increased mean transit time and poorer reproducibility when using EDTA rather than heparin as the anticoagulant agent.
(4) The incubation of old RBCs with PEP not only increased ATP and 2,3-DPG levels, but also facilitated the transformation of crenated erythrocytes to discocytes.
(5) Isolated human erythrocyte membranes crenate when suspended in isotonic medium, but can use MgATP to reduce their net positive curvature, yielding smooth discs and cup forms that eventually undergo endocytosis.
(6) At the same time the red cells became crenated and developed thorny spicules (echinocytes).
(7) Scanning electron microscopy of the platelets revealed a gradual morphologic change from biconcave flat discs to irregular, crenated forms.
(8) This crenated cell shape was reversed to a biconcave disc or cup-like form by a further treatment with lysophospholipase.
(9) On the other hand, the process was facilitated when red cells were exposed to crenators like the anionic drugs indomethacin and phenylbutazone or when DMPC was added to calcium-loaded red cells.
(10) The abnormal erythrocyte shape (crenation) was strikingly observed in all groups after four weeks of egg yolk feeding with good correlation to lipid levels (r = 0.9, p less than 0.001).
(11) Maintaining a higher level of albumin during EC by adding 50 g human albumin to the extracorporeal system prevented erythrocyte crenation.
(12) Uptake of phosphine by erythrocytes causes crenation, but conversion of oxyhaemoglobin to methaemoglobin and hemichrome could not be demonstrated.
(13) These results revealed that ioxaglate, an ionic contrast medium, was the best in vitro medium, to prevent aggregation of red cells and crenation deformity of erythrocytes.
(14) In contrast to the control and the regression rats, many of the hypertrophic vessels of all types in the hypoxic rats showed signs of constriction, ie, crenation of the wall, indentations of medial smooth muscle cell nuclei, and excrescences of smooth muscle cell cytoplasm, often protruding deeply into the endothelium.
(15) We demonstrate that the damage consists of lifting, crenation and detachment of endothelial cells, partially due to contracture and forceful redilation of the vessel wall.
(16) KB-2796 and FNZ at 10-100 microM dose-dependently prevented crenation of rabbit erythrocytes induced by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187.
(17) Electron microscopy of the endothelial layer of intimal explants showed dilatations in the intercellular junctions and cellular changes representing contraction--increased prominence of cytoplasmic filaments, nuclear crenation, and cytoplasmic protrusions--at 30 and 60 minutes.
(18) Raising this concentration reversibly decreased the degree of crenation.
(19) These amphiphiles immediately induced strongly crenated erythrocytes which during incubation shifted to less crenated erythrocytes or to stomatocytes.
(20) Osmiophilic granules with a homogeneous core, crenated membrane and narrow submembranous halo predominated in the columnar juxtacortical cells.
Salt
Definition:
(n.) The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other water impregnated with saline particles.
(n.) The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid and a base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol.
(n.) Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt.
(n.) Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.
(n.) Marshes flooded by the tide.
(n.) Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt beef; salt water.
(n.) Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt grass.
(n.) Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent.
(n.) Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful.
(v. t.) To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or pork; to salt cattle.
(v. t.) To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber.
(v. i.) To deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to salt.
(n.) The act of leaping or jumping; a leap.
Example Sentences:
(1) Samples are hydrolyzed with Ba (OH)2, and the hydrolysate is passed through a Dowex-50 column to remove the salts and soluble carbohydrates.
(2) Ursodeoxycholate was the only dihydroxy bile salt which was able to solubilize phospholipid (although not cholesterol) below the critical micellar concentration.
(3) Furthermore, recent investigations into the pharmacokinetics of lithium salts are dealt with.
(4) The influence of calcium ions on the electrophoretic properties of phospholipid stabilized emulsions containing various quantities of the sodium salts of oleic acid (SO), phosphatidic acid (SPA), phosphatidylinositol (SPI), and phosphatidylserine (SPS) was examined.
(5) The role of adrenergic agents in augmenting proximal tubular salt and water flux, was studied in a preparation of freshly isolated rabbit renal proximal tubular cells in suspension.
(6) An investigation of the constitutive ions of salts revealed that their effects were additive only in the case of salts that have no specific binding capability.
(7) Benzyloxycarbonylarginine p-nitrophenyl ester and other activated esters of N-a-sustituted arginine salts may be useful reagents for introduction of trypsin-labile protecting groups into peptide fragments for purpose of polypeptide semi-synthesis.
(8) The association constants K'A, KN, and K'N in the scheme (see article), were determined for the magnesium salts of ADP, adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate AMP-P(NH)P, and PPi.
(9) In contrast to this, adrenalectomy decreased ANP levels markedly in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis and preoptic periventricular nucleus, which are reportedly involved in the central regulation of salt and water homeostasis.
(10) For routine use, 50 mul of 12% BTV SRBC, 0.1 ml of a spleen cell suspension, and 0.5 ml of 0.5% agarose in a balanced salt solution were mixed and plated on a microscope slide precoated with 0.1% aqueous agarose.
(11) Transcription studies in vitro on repression of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli show that partially purified trp repressor binds specifically to DNA containing the trp operator with a repressor-operator dissociation constant of about 0.2 nM in 0.12 M salt at 37 degrees , a value consistent with the extent of trp operon regulation in vivo.
(12) Mixed micelles of bile salt and phospholipids inhibit the lipase-colipase-catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.
(13) The first one is a region with iodine insufficiency; the second one is a region where the people use table salt in excess.
(14) One cellulase is buffer-soluble, the other buffer-insoluble but extractable with high salt concentrations.
(15) If salt fluoridation could also be generalized, caries levels could be reduced to a fraction of their initial values.
(16) The major lipase in human milk is dependent on bile salts for activity and probably participates in intestinal digestion of milk lipids in the newborn.
(17) The strain was resistant to bile salts in TCBS medium and demonstrated several properties from a borderline of two Vibrio and Aeromonas species.
(18) Sodium taurolithocholate, a monohydroxy bile salt, does not affect the CD spectrum of CEase, and neither the di- or the monohydroxy bile salt activates the enzyme.
(19) It is therefore suggested that salt water adaptation triggers a cellular reorganization of the epithelium in such a way that leaky junctions (a low resistance pathway) appear at the apex of the chloride cells.
(20) Depending on the differential sensitivity of nuclear T-ag to extraction by salt and detergent, nuclear T-ag could be separated into nucleoplasmic T-ag, salt-sensitive T-ag and matrix-bound T-ag subclasses.