(n.) A condition of endemic or inherited idiocy, accompanied by physical degeneracy and deformity (usually with goiter), frequent in certain mountain valleys, esp. of the Alps.
Example Sentences:
(1) These findings indicate that this animal model is likely to be suitable for the studies of endemic cretinism in man.
(2) The occurrence of congenital deafness, mutism and goitre unassociated with cretinism or mental retardation in euthyroid patients is known as Pendred's Syndrome.
(3) In 1888 cretinism, myxoedema and cachexia strumipriva were attributed to thyroid insufficiency.
(4) A male patient with clinical and radiographic evidence of cretinism was found to have T3 thyrotoxicosis.
(5) Differences between the two types of cretinism may be explained by continuing postnatal thyroid hormone deficiency in the myxoedematous type, which results in impaired growth, skeletal retardation and sexual immaturity.
(6) Furthermore, these data support the hypothesis that the primary pathophysiologic event in the different types of endemic cretinism is represented by maternal and fetal hypothyroidism, while differences may be explained by the extent and duration of postnatal hypothyroidism.
(7) We conclude that the presence of thyroid growth inhibiting immunoglobulin may be related to the absence of thyroid growth or even thyroid atrophy in endemic cretins.
(8) Although this classification highlights the important neurological sequelae of the disorder it implies that myxoedematous cretins have an alternative mechanism.
(9) Our findings have implications for the definition and diagnosis of endemic cretinism.
(10) To study this question we conducted a five-month follow-up of 51 patients with cretinism (age 14 and below), who were randomly assigned to treatment (0.5 ml of intramuscular iodized oil) and control groups.
(11) Nevertheless, all myxedematous cretins had some neurologic disorders (hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, disorder of gait, Babinski sign, hypoacusia) that were similar to those present in neurologic cretins.
(12) Our data therefore suggest that the different clinical types of endemic cretinism are in fact the same disorder phenotypically modified by the length and severity of postnatal hypothyroidism.
(13) All the cretins were over 35 of age, suggesting a severe iodine deficiency in the past decades, and a progressive improvement of nutritional status resulted in "silent iodine prophylaxis."
(14) Experimental cretinism, induced by daily propylthiouracil treatment starting at birth, caused increased serotonin levels in all brain regions studied.
(15) These findings provide a pathogenic basis for the variable clinical expression of endemic cretinism.
(16) The cause or causes of endemic cretinism are less clear.
(17) Furthermore, all cretins were growth retarded when compared with peers of similar age and race.
(18) Urinary excretion of acid mucopolysaccharides and glycopeptides in the urine of an untreated patient with cretinism were measured before and after thyroid hormone replacement.
(19) Because the neurologic type of EC represents a defined section of the spectrum of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), the term fetal iodine deficiency disorder (FIDD) rather than cretinism is suggested.
(20) A comparative study of EEG between neurological and myxedematous cretins was carried out in a total of 61 cases.
Thyroid
Definition:
(a.) Shaped like an oblong shield; shield-shaped; as, the thyroid cartilage.
(a.) Of or pertaining to the thyroid body, thyroid cartilage, or thyroid artery; thyroideal.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thyroid replacement led to resolution of both apnea and depression.
(2) Pathological and immunocytochemical data supported the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
(3) Hypothyroidism complicated by spontaneous hyperthyroidism is an interesting but rare occurrence in the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid disorders.
(4) The diagnosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer, though suspected, was deferred for permanent sections in all cases.
(5) Most thyroid hormone actions, however, appear in the perinatal period, and infants with thyroid agenesis appear normal at birth and develop normally with prompt neonatal diagnosis and treatment.
(6) To determine whether or not the glycan moieties in hTPO play a role in the disease-associated epitopes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, radiolabeled recombinant hTPO was immunoprecipitated after digestion with N-glycanase.
(7) The total content of both thyroid hormones in the oocytes increased throughout most of the ovarian cycle as the oocytes increased in size from less than 2 mg to approximately 6.5 mg by ovulation.
(8) Thyroid hormones suppress transcription of the gene for the beta-subunit of thyrotropin (TSH beta).
(9) In conclusion, autoimmune thyroiditis in an animal model can be prevented by reducing thyroidal iodine or its metabolism and optimal effects require intervention at the embryonic stage.
(10) The nature of the putative autoantigen in Graves' ophthalmopathy (Go) remains an enigma but the sequence similarity between thyroglobulin (Tg) and acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) provides a rationale for epitopes which are common to the thyroid gland and the eye orbit.
(11) The diastolic sarcomere length was not affected by the changes in thyroid state.
(12) In thyroid cancer patients with pulmonary metastasis lymph nodes involvement was found in 62.6%.
(13) During the 20-year period, the number of children with the enlarged thyroid was found to be 1.5-fold as increased.
(14) Only three (9%) patients had completely normal thyroid function tests.
(15) Volumetric ratio between the thyroid epithelium and colloid did not changed.
(16) The v-erb A oncogene of avian erythroblastosis virus is a mutated and virally transduced copy of a host cell gene encoding a thyroid hormone receptor.
(17) A patient with previously treated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid developed Graves' disease with a high titre of thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb).
(18) Transient thyroid dysfunction occurred in 35 (46%) of 76 patients who were initially euthyroid.
(19) This case was diagnosed as thyroid medullary carcinoma-like tumor of the lung, which is a bronchopulmonary carcinoid-related tumor.
(20) In the univariate life-table analysis, recurrence-free survival was significantly related to age, pTNM category, tumour size, presence of certain growth patterns, tumour necrosis, tumour infiltration in surrounding thyroid tissue and thyroid gland capsule, lymph node metastases, presence of extra-nodal tumour growth and number of positive lymph nodes, whereas only tumour diameter, thyroid gland capsular infiltration and presence of extra-nodal tumour growth remained as significant prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis.