(n.) The hinder part or buttocks of certain quadrupeds, especially of a horse; hence, the place behind the saddle.
(n.) An inflammatory affection of the larynx or trachea, accompanied by a hoarse, ringing cough and stridulous, difficult breathing; esp., such an affection when associated with the development of a false membrane in the air passages (also called membranous croup). See False croup, under False, and Diphtheria.
Example Sentences:
(1) Because of the controversy regarding the benefits of the lateral neck and chest radiographs in the evaluation of croup and epiglottitis, a two-part retrospective study was initiated.
(2) Patients with bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis have exaggerated airway reactivity; croup in children can also cause exaggerated upper and lower airway responsiveness.
(3) Recurrent croup was significantly associated with a patient history of asthma and wheezy bronchitis and a family history of croup.
(4) This is a retrospective study of 500 cases of hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of croup (laryngotrachitis), admitted between January 1986 and August 1988, at the Montreal Children's Hospital.
(5) Steroid therapy reduces the duration of intubation and the need for reintubation in children intubated for croup.
(6) 447 patients with a diagnosis of acute viral croup were admitted to the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Singleton Hospital, Swansea, between January 1st 1980 and December 31st 1984.
(7) Both a prior history of croup of bronchiolitis (OR = 2.29, p = 0.04) and greater than 2 acute lower respiratory illnesses (OR = 3.72, p = 0.012) were associated with increased levels of airway responsiveness.
(8) The purpose of this prospective study was to determine in 261 children whether the "minor" allergic respiratory diseases (MARD) (chronic cough, bronchitis asthmatic, rhinopharyngitis, recurrent otitis media, croup) are due to inhalants allergens and, if so, whether they can be treated with two therapeutic protocols.
(9) Children 6 months to 6 years of age with a croup score of 6 or above were assigned in a randomized double-blind fashion to receive either racemic (n = 16) or L-epinephrine (n = 15) aerosols.
(10) However, he developed a recurrence following an episode of croup.
(11) This difference in mortality was most obvious for children aged under 2 years (one death out of 46 children receiving supplements versus seven deaths out of 42 controls; p less than 0.05) and for cases complicated by croup or laryngotracheobronchitis.
(12) The use of adrenocorticoids to reduce the morbidity associated with laryngotracheitis (croup) remains controversial despite ten published reports of randomized trials involving 1,286 patients.
(13) The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a protocol for the outpatient management of laryngotracheitis (croup) using racemic epinephrine and steroids.
(14) Clinical findings included fever (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C) (88%), rhinorrhea (62.6%), cough (50%), otitis (50%), rhonchi (42%), vomiting (38%), diarrhea (33%), rales (21%), pharyngitis (13%) and croup (4%).
(15) No tracheostomy-related complications or symptoms were reported apart from croup in two patients.
(16) Some studies have compared the occurrence of croup with locally measured concentrations of pollutants, while others have observed differences in the incidence of croup between populations subjected to different levels of pollution.
(17) In 241 outpatients with asthma a higher prevalence of croup (33.2%) was found than in 131 controls (20.6%).
(18) Other complications included croup (1), hydrops of the gallbladder (2), paralytic ileus (1), and abnormal focal neurological signs in two patients.
(19) Three aspects of the pharmacological treatment of pseudo-croup are discussed in this article.
(20) These same features are often noted in children with the viral croup syndrome.
Respiratory
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to respiration; serving for respiration; as, the respiratory organs; respiratory nerves; the respiratory function; respiratory changes.
Example Sentences:
(1) In January 2011, the Nobel peace prize laureate was admitted to a Johannesburg hospital for what officials initially described as tests but what turned out to be an acute respiratory infection .
(2) Perinatal mortality is strongly associated with obstetrical factors, respiratory distress syndrome, and prematurity.
(3) Heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (V), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured.
(4) This diagnosis was obscured by the absence of cutaneous, oropharyngeal, and respiratory involvement.
(5) One thing seems to be noteworthy in their opinion: the bacterial resistance of the germs isolated from the urine is bigger than the one of the germs isolated from the respiratory apparatus.
(6) During the procedure, acute respiratory failure developed as a result of tracheal obstruction.
(7) They are best explained by interactions between central sympathetic activity, brainstem control of respiration and vasomotor activity, reflexes arising from around and within the respiratory tract, and the matching of ventilation to perfusion in the lungs.
(8) Respiratory alteration in the intensity of heart sounds is one of the commonest auscultatory pitfalls.
(9) Febrile reactions were not distributed randomly among the patients; those with respiratory tract infection experienced more febrile reactions during periods with infection than during periods without.
(10) The reducing equivalents could be donated by formate or NADH through some segment of the membrane respiratory chain.
(11) These findings suggest that aerosolization of ATP into the cystic fibrosis-affected bronchial tree might be hazardous in terms of enhancement of parenchymal damage, which would result from neutrophil elastase release, and in terms of impaired respiratory lung function.
(12) The pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in atypical pneumonias can be considered confirmed according to the availabile literature; its importance for other inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, particularly for chronic bronchitis, is not yet sufficiently clear.
(13) No respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn occurred when total amniotic-fluid cortisol was greater than 60 ng per milliliter (16 patients).
(14) We conclude that neuronal activities in the region of the retrofacial nucleus are important both in the integration of stimuli from the central chemoreceptors and in defining the discharge patterns of respiratory neurons.
(15) Peptidoglycan of MRSA grown in the presence of cefazolin was susceptible to lysis by respiratory mucus.
(16) The mitochondrial genome codes for 13 proteins which are located in the respiratory chain.
(17) Recurrent respiratory infections occurred in 17 (38%), and chronic recurrent middle ear effusions were noted in 33 (73%).
(18) The epidemiological effectiveness of dipyridamol, an interferon-inducing agent used for the prevention of influenza and viral acute respiratory diseases, was tested in 4 epidemiological trials, 3 of them carried out as double blind trials.
(19) Combined study of lungs of 85 foetuses and newborns of various gestational age and 8 newborns dying during the first month of life showed the lung surfactant (LS) system to develop in parallel with formation of respiratory parts and lung capillary network.
(20) The development of pulmonary edema in high-altitude residents with upper respiratory infections and no antecedent low-altitude journey is consistent with the presence of other factors such as inflammation, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of the edema.