(1) In conclusion, DNA has been transferred sequentially from the chloroplast to the mitochondrion during crucifer evolution and there cpDNA sequences can persist in the mitochondrial genome over long periods of evolutionary time.
(2) Consumption of vegetables, especially crucifers, reduces the risk of developing cancer.
(3) The acid-condensed mixture of indole-3-carbinol (a component of crucifers) binds to the TCDD receptor and causes responses similar to those of TCDD.
(4) We examined the tempo and mode of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) evolution in six species of crucifers from two genera, Brassica and Raphanus.
(5) However, certain cpDNA sequences, including the central portion of the rbcL gene and the 3' end of the psaA gene, are shared by all six crucifer mtDNAs and appear to have been transferred in a common ancestor of the crucifer family over 30 million years ago.
(6) High efficiencies of transformation to hygromycin resistance were achieved employing the bacterial hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene with N. crassa, the patulin-producer Penicillium urticae, and the causal agent of blackleg disease of crucifers, Leptosphaeria maculans.
(7) The GL1 gene is required for the initiation of differentiation of hair cells (trichomes) on the crucifer, Arabidopsis thaliana.
(8) An allozyme analysis of trematode species Glypthelmins californiensis, Glypthelmins quieta, Glypthelmins pennsylvaniensis, Glypthelmins hyloreus, and Haplometrana intestinalis from hosts Rana aurora, Rana clamitans, Hyla crucifer, Pseudacris triseriata, and Rana pretiosa, using starch gel electrophoresis, revealed allozymes for glucose-phosphate isomerase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase that were similar in electrophoretic mobility to host tissue controls.
(9) Southern blot hybridization techniques were used to examine the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences present in the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of two Brassica species (B. campestris and B. hirta), two closely related species belonging to the same tribe as Brassica (Raphanus sativa, Crambe abyssinica), and two more distantly related species of crucifers (Arabidopsis thaliana, Capsella bursa-pastoris).
(10) Here we present recent progress on flower and root morphogenesis in the small crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana.
(11) A comparison of several crucifer mitochondrial DNAs indicates that this rearrangement also occurs in the normal radish cytoplasm and is, therefore, not involved in Ogura CMS.
(12) We have found that Arabidopsis thaliana is susceptible to infection with a crucifer strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-Cg); the coat protein of TMV-Cg accumulated to a high level in uninoculated rosette leaves several days after inoculation.
(13) Although crucifers may provide some protection from cancer when taken prior to a carcinogen, when taken after a carcinogen they act as promoters of carcinogenesis.
(14) While the crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana does not have a self-incompatibility system, S-related sequence were detected in this species by cross-hybridization with Brassica DNA probes.
(15) The fast generation time, small genome size and extensive genetic map of the crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana have made it the subject of an increasing number of studies in plant molecular genetics.
(16) Survey of extracts of a variety of commonly consumed, organically grown vegetables for quinone reductase inducer activity identified crucifers (and particularly those of the genus Brassica) as singularly rich sources.
(17) Crucifers contain naturally occurring components that are goitrogenic, resulting from the combined action of allyl isothiocyanate, goitrin, and thiocyanate.
(18) Autoradiographic studies with [3H]1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 demonstrated nuclear high affinity binding sites (receptors) in epithelial cells of choroid plexus, ependyma and arachnoid in "seasonal" breeders of various vertebrate phyla, namely Xiphophorus helleri, Hyla crucifer, Xenopus laevis, Bufo woodhousei, Chrysemys scripta, Anolis carolinensis, Nerodia sipedon and Phodopus sungorus, but vitamin D receptors were undetectable in these tissues in non-seasonal breeders, such as zebra finch, laboratory mice and rats.
(19) The percentage of DNA from the crucifer Matthiola incana coding for different types of RNA was measured by filter saturation hybridisation experiments using RNA labelled in vivo.
(20) Four species of frogs Rana sylvatica, Hyla versicolor, Hyla crucifer and Pseudacris triseriata, survived extracellular freezing at moderate subzero temperatures (-2 to -4 degrees C) for periods of time ranging up to 2 weeks.
Mustard
Definition:
(n.) The name of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica (formerly Sinapis), as white mustard (B. alba), black mustard (B. Nigra), wild mustard or charlock (B. Sinapistrum).
(n.) A powder or a paste made from the seeds of black or white mustard, used as a condiment and a rubefacient. Taken internally it is stimulant and diuretic, and in large doses is emetic.
Example Sentences:
(1) The induction of cells with two Y chromosomes by nitrogen mustard (NM) was examined.
(2) From this, it was suggested that a negligible amount of oestradiol was released from these compounds and that the oestradiol moiety was useful as a carrier for the nitrogen mustard moiety.
(3) Nitrogen mustard (N2M) treatment of rabbits induced neutropenia, and, in ligated ileal loops, it inhibited fluid secretion induced by salmonella or by cholera toxin (CT).
(4) These results show clearly that choline mustard aziridinium ion was accumulated into the cholinergic nerve terminals by the high-affinity choline carrier, but the amount was small relative to the uptake of choline and probably restricted by progressive inactivation of the transporters through covalent bond formation.
(5) Reaction of [3H]meproadifen mustard with AChR-rich membrane suspensions resulted in specific incorporation of label predominantly into the AChR alpha-subunit with minor incorporation into the beta-subunit.
(6) The mustard will be at its best after couple of days.
(7) Ileal histology in normal animals infected with S. typhimurium revealed an intense acute inflammatory reaction, while in animals pretreated with nitrogen mustard only a rare polymorphonuclear leukocyte was seen.
(8) Although current results, particularly those with neonates, suggest that arterial repair may displace the Mustard operation, it remains a milestone in the history of TGA.
(9) This article presents the author's preferred technique for reconstructing the auricle, simultaneously using Mustarde's mattress sutures, Cochrane's anterior scoring of the antihelix, and the approximating of the concha to the mastoid.
(10) From March 1982 to December 1983, five patients with a mean age 7 years (4 months-16 years) underwent a palliative Mustard operation for complex cardiac anomalies.
(11) Nevertheless, the high incidence of certain associated malformations in cases of isolated ventricular inversion adds to difficulty in diagnosis, and makes a good result from the Mustard procedure less likely than in transposition of the great arteries.
(12) Estrous cycles of rats treated with estradiol mustard were arrested at proestrus, and the uterine and pituitary weights of these rats markedly increased.
(13) 1 The anti-fertility effects of cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, vincristine and vinblastine were studied and compared in male rats.
(14) Bacteriophage mu2 is inactivated by both mono- and di-functional sulphur mustards at relatively low extents of alkylation.
(15) Stumptailed monkeys (Macaca arctoides) received a lethal nitrogen mustard injection.
(16) This report deals with a 15-year-old patient in whom a modified Mustard technique was employed as a palliative method.
(17) We describe a new procedure for the use of [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard as a muscarinic cholinergic ligand in an in vitro binding assay on brain sections.
(18) We have studied the effect of misonidazole (MISO) on the antitumour activity, normal tissue toxicity and pharmacokinetics of four bifunctional nitrogen mustards: chlorambucil (CHL); phenylacetic acid mustard (PAAM), a metabolite of CHL; beta, beta-difluorochlorambucil (beta-F2CHL), an analogue which is metabolized less efficiently by the beta-oxidation pathway; and melphalan (MEL).
(19) For mustards linked to the acridine by a short alkyl chain through a para O- or S-link group, 5'-GT sequences are the most preferred sites at which N7-guanine alkylation occurs.
(20) Thus, the carcinogenic risk may be very low in the external S-mustard therapy of psoriasis and other skin diseases.