(superl.) In its natural state; not cooked or prepared by fire or heat; undressed; not altered, refined, or prepared for use by any artificial process; raw; as, crude flesh.
(superl.) Unripe; not mature or perfect; immature.
(superl.) Not reduced to order or form; unfinished; not arranged or prepared; ill-considered; immature.
(superl.) Undigested; unconcocted; not brought into a form to give nourishment.
(superl.) Having, or displaying, superficial and undigested knowledge; without culture or profundity; as, a crude reasoner.
(superl.) Harsh and offensive, as a color; tawdry or in bad taste, as a combination of colors, or any design or work of art.
Example Sentences:
(1) Life expectancy and the infant mortality rate are considered more useful from an operational perspective and for comparisons than is the crude death rate because they are not influenced by age structure.
(2) While the reduced form of the "derived" polyphenolic compounds, generated during tissue homogenization, appeared to enhance dye binding with bovine serum albumin, their influence on the protein assay directly in crude homogenates was extremely diverse.
(3) Slight cross-reactivity was apparent when crude preparations of cellular or culture filtrate antigens, used in this laboratory to detect antibodies to Candida albicans, Coccidioides immitis and Cryptococcus neoformans, were probed with hyperimmune rabbit antisera to A. fumigatus.
(4) The crude survival rate at 5 years was 83.3% (age-adjusted 96%), and at 10 years 53.8%).
(5) VS had a crude topography, and receptive fields of neurons in VS were relatively large.
(6) With [125I-Tyr11]SRIF as a radiolabeled ligand, the specific ligand binding to crude membrane increased transiently in the early phase of postnatal development and then decreased.
(7) Dialyzed crude enzyme extracts from yeast cells were found to destroy diacetyl in a manner quite similar to that of diacetyl reductase from Aerobacter aerogenes, and both the bacterial and the yeast extracts were stimulated significantly by the addition of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).
(8) A crude extract of Brucella melitensis was obtained by sonication, centrifugation and dialysis, and analyzed by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis.
(9) These results indicate that countercurrent distribution of crude extracts in aqueous two-phase systems is a useful method to study protein-protein interaction.
(10) Optimal myocyte cultures were obtained using serial 0.2% crude trypsin digestions of hearts from 1-2-day-old rats.
(11) Their defect in DNA degradation was shown not only after treatment by toluene but also in crude extracts after cell disintegration by ultrasonic and in untreated starved cultures.
(12) On subfractionation of this crude mitochondrial fraction with continuous sucrose density gradients, most of the activity of the three enzymes was found at a higher density than NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase and at about the same density as glutamate dehydrogenase, confirming earlier reported data for acetyl-CoA synthase.
(13) A crude membrane fraction derived from the mutant is unable to synthesize cardiolipin from phosphatidylglycerol in vitro.
(14) DNA membrane complexes from sucrose gradients, as well as the crude M-band preparation and a non-membrane-associated DNA fraction from nuclei can synthesize DNA in vitro without the addition of an external DNA template or DNA polymerase.
(15) Specificity of [125I]hCG binding to other tissues was determined by incubating crude membrane preparations of heart, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney.
(16) Binding experiments of cyclic AMP on crude extract of dog thyroid lead to the conclusion that the maximal capacity of the specific binding site is close to the cyclic AMP content in resting thyroid cells.
(17) Interaction between these acceptor sites and crude or partially purified estradiol receptor shows a high association constant (over 10(9) M).
(18) The extent of sialomucin adjacent to a primary colorectal cancer does provide a crude assessment of tumour invasiveness and risk of local recurrence.
(19) Effects of 4-aminomethyl-1-benzylpyrrolidin-2-one-hemifumarate (WEB 1881 FU), a novel pyrrolidinone nootropic, on acetylcholine (ACh) receptors and adrenoceptors were investigated using crude membranes of the rat brain.
(20) By immunoaffinity chromatography using the immunoadsorbent, approximately 25% of crude enterotoxin applied was recovered in the eluate.
Petroleum
Definition:
(n.) Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties. It is refined by distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) This paper reviews the epidemiologic studies of petroleum workers published in the English language, focusing on research pertaining to the petroleum industry, rather than the broader petrochemical industry.
(2) Case mothers were more likely to report occupational exposure to metals (odds ratio [OR] = 8.0, P = 0.01), petroleum products (OR = 3.7, P = 0.03), and paints or pigments (OR = 3.7, P = 0.05).
(3) Therefore, the presence on a refinery site of a carcinogen other than petroleum has not been ruled out, and further study is urged.
(4) Onerous new regulations could threaten the shale energy revolution, America’s role as a global energy superpower, and the dramatic reductions in CO2 emissions made possible by an abundant and affordable domestic supply of clean-burning natural gas,” Jack Gerrard, president of the American Petroleum Institute, said in a statement.
(5) In forest, removal of olfactory substances from the human skin, by vigorous washing and application of petroleum jelly, or by wearing impermeable clothing, greatly reduced the numbers of flies attracted.
(6) Likewise, greater occupational exposure to chemicals (paint, petroleum products, and unspecified chemicals) during pregnancy was found for mothers of patients (RR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2-4.6).
(7) Experimental controlled ecosystems have provided essential information about the fate of petroleum at sea.
(8) A proprietary insecticidal mulesing powder containing diazinon and an experimental liquid dressing based on eucalyptus oil, naphthalene, cresylic acid and chlorfenvinphos in a carrier of liquid hydrocarbons and petroleum oil were compared for their ability to promote wound healing and reduce the incidence of fly strike in freshly mulesed lambs.
(9) Extraction with petroleum ether-chloroform-phenol yielded a protein fraction free of detectable lipopolysaccharide, in which group 3 OMPs (28,500 apparent molecular weight [28.5K], 27.0K, and 25.5K) represented 81% of the total.
(10) Interestingly, however, various fractions--especially those extracted by organic solvents such as petroleum ether, hexane, and chloroform, as well as some purified compounds from these plants--could strongly inhibit the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), an indirect mutagen, when tested in the presence of S-9 mix but not that of 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2), which does not require metabolic activation for its mutagenicity.
(11) BP would need to bring equipment from Texas to contain South Australia oil spill Read more BP plans to drill the first of four exploratory wells off the South Australian coast next year and submitted an environmental plan (pdf) for approval to the National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority last week.
(12) The nature of organic substance appearing in the petroleum stratum is discussed.
(13) In this chapter the authors examine the toxicologic and epidemiologic literature for a broad range of petroleum-derived products in order to assess the carcinogenic potential of these compounds.
(14) Unlike aspiration pneumonitis, which follows petroleum distillate ingestion, chemical pneumonitis from pine oil cleaner may occur from gastrointestinal absorption of pine oil and deposition in lung tissue.
(15) Mutagenicity, polynuclear aromatic compound content, and skin carcinogenicity were compared for a series of complex oil mixtures derived from the refining and processing of petroleum.
(16) Serum samples were extracted with petroleum ether following precipitation of proteins with ethanol.
(17) BP credit rating downgraded after Tony Hayward's grilling by Congress 19 June One of BP's partners, Anadarko Petroleum, refuses to accept any responsibility for the Deepwater Horizon explosion despite owning a quarter of the well.
(18) In the past, the Saudis have encouraged Opec (Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) to reduce its output targets during periods of low oil prices.
(19) We report the case of a child who sustained partial thickness burns from a garlic-petroleum jelly plaster, which had been applied at the direction of a naturopathic physician.
(20) The extraction of carotenes with petroleum ether under the same conditions does not change the electrophoretic mobility of the chlorophyll-protein complexes.