(superl.) In its natural state; not cooked or prepared by fire or heat; undressed; not altered, refined, or prepared for use by any artificial process; raw; as, crude flesh.
(superl.) Unripe; not mature or perfect; immature.
(superl.) Not reduced to order or form; unfinished; not arranged or prepared; ill-considered; immature.
(superl.) Undigested; unconcocted; not brought into a form to give nourishment.
(superl.) Having, or displaying, superficial and undigested knowledge; without culture or profundity; as, a crude reasoner.
(superl.) Harsh and offensive, as a color; tawdry or in bad taste, as a combination of colors, or any design or work of art.
Example Sentences:
(1) Life expectancy and the infant mortality rate are considered more useful from an operational perspective and for comparisons than is the crude death rate because they are not influenced by age structure.
(2) While the reduced form of the "derived" polyphenolic compounds, generated during tissue homogenization, appeared to enhance dye binding with bovine serum albumin, their influence on the protein assay directly in crude homogenates was extremely diverse.
(3) Slight cross-reactivity was apparent when crude preparations of cellular or culture filtrate antigens, used in this laboratory to detect antibodies to Candida albicans, Coccidioides immitis and Cryptococcus neoformans, were probed with hyperimmune rabbit antisera to A. fumigatus.
(4) The crude survival rate at 5 years was 83.3% (age-adjusted 96%), and at 10 years 53.8%).
(5) VS had a crude topography, and receptive fields of neurons in VS were relatively large.
(6) With [125I-Tyr11]SRIF as a radiolabeled ligand, the specific ligand binding to crude membrane increased transiently in the early phase of postnatal development and then decreased.
(7) Dialyzed crude enzyme extracts from yeast cells were found to destroy diacetyl in a manner quite similar to that of diacetyl reductase from Aerobacter aerogenes, and both the bacterial and the yeast extracts were stimulated significantly by the addition of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).
(8) A crude extract of Brucella melitensis was obtained by sonication, centrifugation and dialysis, and analyzed by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis.
(9) These results indicate that countercurrent distribution of crude extracts in aqueous two-phase systems is a useful method to study protein-protein interaction.
(10) Optimal myocyte cultures were obtained using serial 0.2% crude trypsin digestions of hearts from 1-2-day-old rats.
(11) Their defect in DNA degradation was shown not only after treatment by toluene but also in crude extracts after cell disintegration by ultrasonic and in untreated starved cultures.
(12) On subfractionation of this crude mitochondrial fraction with continuous sucrose density gradients, most of the activity of the three enzymes was found at a higher density than NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase and at about the same density as glutamate dehydrogenase, confirming earlier reported data for acetyl-CoA synthase.
(13) A crude membrane fraction derived from the mutant is unable to synthesize cardiolipin from phosphatidylglycerol in vitro.
(14) DNA membrane complexes from sucrose gradients, as well as the crude M-band preparation and a non-membrane-associated DNA fraction from nuclei can synthesize DNA in vitro without the addition of an external DNA template or DNA polymerase.
(15) Specificity of [125I]hCG binding to other tissues was determined by incubating crude membrane preparations of heart, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney.
(16) Binding experiments of cyclic AMP on crude extract of dog thyroid lead to the conclusion that the maximal capacity of the specific binding site is close to the cyclic AMP content in resting thyroid cells.
(17) Interaction between these acceptor sites and crude or partially purified estradiol receptor shows a high association constant (over 10(9) M).
(18) The extent of sialomucin adjacent to a primary colorectal cancer does provide a crude assessment of tumour invasiveness and risk of local recurrence.
(19) Effects of 4-aminomethyl-1-benzylpyrrolidin-2-one-hemifumarate (WEB 1881 FU), a novel pyrrolidinone nootropic, on acetylcholine (ACh) receptors and adrenoceptors were investigated using crude membranes of the rat brain.
(20) By immunoaffinity chromatography using the immunoadsorbent, approximately 25% of crude enterotoxin applied was recovered in the eluate.
Rough
Definition:
(n.) Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the surface; not smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough stone; rough cloth.
(n.) Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of land, or of a road.
(n.) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough diamond.
(n.) Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other piece of water.
(n.) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; -- said of dress, appearance, or the like; as, a rough coat.
(n.) Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish.
(n.) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a rough temper.
(n.) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough measures or actions.
(n.) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough tone; rough numbers.
(n.) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine.
(n.) Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a rough day.
(n.) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish; incomplete; as, a rough estimate; a rough draught.
(n.) Produced offhand.
(n.) Boisterous weather.
(n.) A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
(adv.) In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
(v. t.) To render rough; to roughen.
(v. t.) To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes.
(v. t.) To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as, to rough out a carving, a sketch.
Example Sentences:
(1) By 24 hr, rough endoplasmic reticulum in thecal cells increased from 4.2 to 7% of cell volume, while the amount in granulosa cells increased from less than 3.5% to more than 10%; the quantity remained relatively constant in the theca but declined to prestimulation values in the granulosa layer.
(2) Thus, it appears that neuronal loss may account for up to roughly half of the striatal D2 receptor loss during aging.
(3) The cis isomer was retained longer in liver, particularly in mitochondria, but had low retention in that portion of the endoplasmic reticulum isolated as the rough membrane fraction.
(4) The results indicated that roughly 25% of patients treated in this way will become hypothyroid after 5 years and that 85% are cured (need no further therapy during the follow-up period) using a single dose of iodine-131.
(5) This heretogeneity occurred mainly as a progressive, decreasing gradient in the first half of this pathway, between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the mi-cisternae of the Golgi apparatus.
(6) Electron microscopy revealed a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, an enlarged Golgi apparatus and many highly electron-dense secretory granules resembling those of Clara cells.
(7) Four fractions enriched, respectively, in plasma membrane (PM), smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and mitochondria were isolated from estrogen-dominated rat myometrium.
(8) For trials in which the target was present in the array, RT functions were roughly symmetric, the shortest RTs being for extreme distractor ratios, and the longest RTs being for arrays in which there were an equal number of each distractor type.
(9) Classic technics of digital image analysis and new algorithms were used to improve the contrast on the full image or a portion of it, contrast a skin lesion with statistical information deduced from another lesion, evaluate the shape of the lesion, the roughness of the surface, and the transition region from the lesion to the normal skin, and analyze a lesion from the chromatic point of view.
(10) Electron microscopic evaluation of microsomal fractions showed elements of the plasma membrane, including cilia and microvilli, as well as rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
(11) The local guide led us down a rough, uneven pathway, talking as he went.
(12) It's the roughly $2bn in revenue grossed by his blockbuster movies, some of which he had to be talked into making.
(13) The interaction between PE and E-IgG involved the extension of micropseudopods toward adherent E-IgG, the formation of a linear uniform cap of roughly 200 A between opposing cell membranes, the ingestion of E-IgG by PE into a membrane-lined compartment, and the disintegration of the ingested ligand into membranous debris.
(14) Ultracentrifugally separated HDL2 and HDL3 roughly corresponded to HDL2e and HDL3e, respectively.
(15) The locations of these 15 insertion sites correlate well with the roughly estimated locations of five of the DNase I-hypersensitive subregions.
(16) The Lords will vote on three key amendments: • To exclude child benefit from the cap calculation (this would roughly halve the number of households affected).
(17) The unique structure we describe is a cytoplasmic organelle which, like annulate lamellae, is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and is presumed to be related to the genesis of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in tumor cells.
(18) Besides the rough, wrinkled, and brown or black surface of the fingertips, microwrinkles of the epidermis occur on the skin ridges, which have so far not been described.
(19) Ultrastructural examination of noncartilaginous regions of the tumor demonstrated mesenchymal cells with features suggestive of cartilaginous differentiation, viz, scalloped cell membranes, sac-like distension of abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a matrix containing fibrillary and finely granular material.
(20) That, roughly, was the theme of the Wednesday Play, Cathy Come Home, (BBC1) directed by Kenneth Loach, produced by Tony Garnett.