(n.) The hard external coat or covering of anything; the hard exterior surface or outer shell; an incrustation; as, a crust of snow.
(n.) The hard exterior or surface of bread, in distinction from the soft part or crumb; or a piece of bread grown dry or hard.
(n.) The cover or case of a pie, in distinction from the soft contents.
(n.) The dough, or mass of doughy paste, cooked with a potpie; -- also called dumpling.
(n.) The exterior portion of the earth, formerly universally supposed to inclose a molten interior.
(n.) The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc.
(n.) A hard mass, made up of dried secretions blood, or pus, occurring upon the surface of the body.
(n.) An incrustation on the interior of wine bottles, the result of the ripening of the wine; a deposit of tartar, etc. See Beeswing.
(n.) To cover with a crust; to cover or line with an incrustation; to incrust.
(v. i.) To gather or contract into a hard crust; to become incrusted.
Example Sentences:
(1) In certain cases the ulcerous crust is removed with chloramine.
(2) A rapid evolution of epithelialization was found in case of treated animals as distinguished from control sample, where the infected crust was far from being healed.
(3) Future ice loss and bending of the crust due to rising sea levels have the potential ultimately to raise levels of both earthquake and volcanic activity.
(4) A search for an intact blister is always warranted when erosions, oozing, or crusts are noted.
(5) In general, healthy panelists evaluated the cakes as sweeter, crust bitterness as greater, and overall eating quality as higher than the panel members with carbohydrate metabolic disorders.
(6) The tanks fell from 2,000ft on to the salt crust of the open desert and burst open as they struck the ground.
(7) A negative correlation between the number of mites and the presence and extensiveness of crusts was observed.
(8) The presence of subcorneal pustules in a solitary, indolent, crusted plaque, or in erythema annulare-like lesions with a trailing scale, is evidence of atypical psoriasis.
(9) Requirements for intranasal douching with saline have varied; however, we have had no problems with bothersome crusting following b.i.d.
(10) Disadvantages are a longer healing period and temporary crust formation as in conchotomy, the high technical effort and cost of the laser.
(11) Crusting was found around the lashes, and the lids developed loss of lashes and hair.
(12) Within three weeks after treatment was initiated, all animals were free of crusts.
(13) After the crust falls, carrying away some tattoo pigment on its deeper surface, a pale-pink scar forms, then gradually fades in several months.
(14) We report a case of nonvesicular hydroa vacciniforme in which only extensive crusting associated with hypertrophic scarring on sun-exposed skin was present.
(15) The absorption of mercury was investigated after three phase crusting by Grob on a second-degree scald burn of 10 to 15% of the body surface in rats.
(16) For oxalate stones a separation of the outer layer (crust) from the inner layer (core) marked the point of maximum load.
(17) The vesicles progress to pustules, then to crusts that eventually are lost.
(18) A case of localized CrS appearing as a yellowish and crusted plaque on the second right toe is reported in a woman with AIDS.
(19) All the patients were elderly women who developed chronic, extensive, pustular, crusted and occasionally eroded lesions of the scalp which produced scarring alopecia.
(20) For all their apparent beauty and fragility, just think of coral reefs as big lumps of rock with a living crust.
Surface
Definition:
(n.) The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
(n.) Hence, outward or external appearance.
(n.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
(n.) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
(v. t.) To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
(v. t.) To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
Example Sentences:
(1) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
(2) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(5) In the surface epithelial cells, the basolateral cell surface showed moderate enzymatic activity.
(6) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(7) The role of Ca2+ in cell agglutination may be either to activate the cell-surface dextran receptor or to form specific intercellular Ca2+ bridges.
(8) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(9) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(10) A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions.
(11) Contact angles of Silafocon A and PMMA were relatively uninfluenced by front surface radii between 7.7 and 8.85 and 7.3 to 8.8 mm, respectively.
(12) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(13) Together these observations suggest that cytotactin is an endogenous cell surface modulatory protein and provide a possible mechanism whereby cytotactin may contribute to pattern formation during development, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and wound healing.
(14) Our Ph1-positive ALL revealed B-cell lineage leukemia, since their surface phenotype were Ia+ and CD10+ and they have rearranged immunoglobulin JH genes.
(15) The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for a cell surface protein antigen (SpaA) of Streptococcus sobrinus MT3791 (serotype g) was determined.
(16) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(17) Lysis of EAC4b,3b cellular intermediates formed to contain a low surface amount of C3b was more inhibited than was lysis of cells formed with a standard amount of C3b on the surface.
(18) After either 5 or 10 days of culture with both cytokines, intense immunofluorescent staining for Ia could be identified on the surface of greater than 80-90% of the viable islet cells.
(19) Within the capillary-perfused mucosa and muscularis (between 50 and 2000 microns from the urothelial surface), concentrations decreased by 50% for each 500-microns distance.
(20) Displacement of the surface of the cornea of bovine eyes after disruption of intact structures was investigated by means of holographic interferometry.