What's the difference between cryolite and sodium?
Cryolite
Definition:
(n.) A fluoride of sodium and aluminum, found in Greenland, in white cleavable masses; -- used as a source of soda and alumina.
Example Sentences:
(1) Results indicated that yields of available fluoride expressed as percentage weight of original material were cryolite (Na3ALF6), 45.9%; sodium fluoride (NaF), 41.7%; aluminium fluoride (AFL3.H20), 9.1%; mist eliminator grid solids (with CaF2), 9.4%; reclaimed alumina with adsorbed F, 0.27%.
(2) In 1835, cryolite glass was used instead of lead glass; to this day it remains the lightest and most desirable substance for making artificial eyes.
(3) Cancer morbidity data for the 35-year period 1943-1977 showed 78 cases of malignant neoplasms in the cryolite workers against 53.2 expected for Denmark as a whole and 67.9 for Copenhagen.
(4) This formation of the fluor-aluminium complex cryolite is assumed to be catalyzed by the denaturing collagen.
(5) To further evaluate occupational fluoride exposure as a carcinogenic risk factor, we extended by approximately one decade the follow-up of a cohort of 425 men and 97 women employed for at least 6 months in the period 1924-1961 at the Copenhagen cryolite processing plant.
(6) Eight male workers at a cryolite concentrator participated in a 4-day study after 5 days of vacation.
(7) The sciatic nerve was exposed to cryoinjury at different freezing patterns in albino rats and rabbits and the frozen nerves were serially examined with electron microscopy from the time of cryolitic lesion (--60 degrees C for 3 minutes) for up to 28 days.
(8) Many cryolite workers described a group of symptoms appearing after 15 to 30 min of heavy dust exposure: nausea, followed by epigastric pain with relief after spontaneous or provoked vomiting.
(9) Over 1000 workers of hydrofluoric and cryolite enterprises and electrolysis shops of aluminium enterprises were examined.
(10) A cross-sectional health study of 101 cryolite workers was performed, using spirometry and a questionnaire.
(11) Exposure to cryolite (Na3AlF6) dust may result in skeletal fluorosis.
(12) For monitoring of individual uptake of cryolite dust, serum fluoride measurements are most useful.
(13) A cohort of 431 male cryolite workers employed for at least six months between 1924 and 1961 was identified from personnel records at the Copenhagen cryolite factory.
Sodium
Definition:
(n.) A common metallic element of the alkali group, in nature always occuring combined, as in common salt, in albite, etc. It is isolated as a soft, waxy, white, unstable metal, so readily oxidized that it combines violently with water, and to be preserved must be kept under petroleum or some similar liquid. Sodium is used combined in many salts, in the free state as a reducer, and as a means of obtaining other metals (as magnesium and aluminium) is an important commercial product. Symbol Na (Natrium). Atomic weight 23. Specific gravity 0.97.
Example Sentences:
(1) 5-Azacytidine (I) stability was increased approximately 10-fold over its stability in water or lactated Ringer injection by the addition of excess sodium bisulfite and the maintenance of pH approximately 2.5.
(2) The mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is anomalous since the undenatured, cross-linked proteins have the same Stokes radius as the native, uncross-linked alpha beta gamma heterotrimer.
(3) We report a series of experiments designed to determine if agents and conditions that have been reported to alter sodium reabsorption, Na-K-ATPase activity or cellular structure in the rat distal nephron might also regulate the density or affinity of binding of 3H-metolazone to the putative thiazide receptor in the distal nephron.
(4) In the fall of 1975, 1,915 children in grades K through eight began a school-based program of supervised weekly rinsing with 0.2 percent aqueous solution of sodium fluoride in an unfluoridated community in the Finger Lakes area of upstate New York.
(5) No statistically significant difference was found between sodium hyaluronate and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC).
(6) Plasma membranes were isolated from rat kidney and their transport properties for sodium, calcium, protons, phosphate, glucose, lactate, and phenylalanine were investigated.
(7) These were an isotonic solution of sodium chloride (900 micrograms NaCl in 0.1 ml), histamine (100 mu g in 0.1 mu l), phytohaemagglutinin (200 mu g in 0.1 ml), and a staphylococcus lysate (STAVA).
(8) Sodium intake affects K excretion, increases in intake resulting in a higher rate of K excretion.
(9) Infusion of sodium lactate associated with isoproterenol could be used to combat the depressent effects of betablockers in patients with cardiac disorders.
(10) The influence of calcium ions on the electrophoretic properties of phospholipid stabilized emulsions containing various quantities of the sodium salts of oleic acid (SO), phosphatidic acid (SPA), phosphatidylinositol (SPI), and phosphatidylserine (SPS) was examined.
(11) Under these conditions, arterial pressure and sodium balance remained stable.
(12) Densitometric analysis of myofibrillar proteins separated with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that troponin I and troponin T were degraded during 60 minutes of CGI.
(13) The sodium level of the ascitic fluid determined in 5 cases was higher than that of serum.
(14) These studies also suggest at least two mechanisms for uric acid reabsorption; one sodium dependent, the other independent of sodium and water transport.
(15) After local injection of sodium iodoacetate osteoarthritic reactions will progress within 2-4 months.
(16) The free nucleoside IV was obtained by removal of blocking groups by sodium methoxide catalyzed deacylation, deionization under reducing atmosphere, and chromatography on neutral alumina.
(17) L-Leucine-(14)C and sodium pyruvate-3-(14)C were employed to measure globin and heme synthesis, respectively.
(18) Defects of several membrane proteins were found with sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
(19) PYY inhibited the reduction in net absorption of sodium chloride and water evoked by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), but did not affect the VIP-evoked increase in net potassium secretion.
(20) Its metabolism was studied in the hamster in comparison with sodium 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-24-nor-5 beta-cholane-23-sulfonate and sodium taurochenodeoxycholate.