(n.) The substance which, added to the material of a cell wall, makes it waterproof, as in cork.
Example Sentences:
(1) Using tritiated apple cutin as substrate, the two cutinases showed similar substrate concentration dependence, protein concentration dependence, time course profiles, and pH dependence profiles with optimum near 10.0.
(2) Using unlabeled cutin, the rate of dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid release from apple fruit cutin by cutinase I was determined to be 4.4 mumol per min per mg.
(3) 7) capable of degrading cutin, the insoluble lipid-polyester matrix covering the surface of plants, and hydrolysing triglycerides.
(4) Both mRNA and protein were inducible by cutin hydrolysate, while hypovirulence agents suppressed the level of mRNA and the enzyme.
(5) Transformants with a disrupted CUT1 gene failed to produce a cutin-inducible esterase that is normally detected by activity staining on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels.
(6) The seed coat of almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) contains up to 30% procyanidins with different degrees of polymerisation and, in addition, fatty oils, lignin, polysaccharides and cutin.
(7) omega-Hydroxy fatty acids were more effective in inducing cutinase than any of the other more polar acids of cutin.
(8) A radial immunodiffusion assay for cutinase was developed, and the induction of cutinase by cutin hydrolysate was confirmed by this direct assay.
(9) Thus, the high resistance of plant cuticles to transport of 2,4-D can be attributed to both low diffusion and partition coefficients in the transport-limiting layer made up of cutin and soluble lipids which are densely packed and highly ordered.
(10) Induction of cutinase by cutin or hydrolyzed cutin after growth on glucose medium was similarly reduced.
(11) The mutant possessed an 80 to 90% reduction in cutinase activity when grown for 3 to 5 days on acetate- or cutin-containing medium.
(12) Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the products released from labeled apple fruit cutin showed that the extracellular enzyme released all classes of cutin monomers.
(13) However, unlike the previously studied fungal systems, cutin hydrolysate did not induce cutinase.
(14) From a physiological point of view, peroxygenase and this newly described epoxide hydrolase could be responsible, in vivo, for the biosynthesis of a class of oxygenated fatty acid compounds known to be involved in cutin monomers production and in plant defense mechanisms.
(15) Hygromycin-resistant transformants of F. solani pisi generated by electroporation were assayed for CAT activity inducible by cutin hydrolysate and for glucose repression of this induction.
(16) These results suggest that cutin monomer causes phosphorylation of a transcription factor that binds to the -225 to -360 segment of the cutinase gene and enhances transcription of this gene.
(17) Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels stained for esterase activity show a single major band among intracellular and extracellular proteins from cutin-grown cultures that is not present among intracellular and extracellular proteins prepared from glucose-grown or carbon-starved cultures.
(18) The gene is expressed when cutin is the sole carbon source but not when the carbon source is cutin and glucose together or glucose alone.
(19) This demonstrates that permeance is determined by the soluble cuticular lipids associated with the cutin, rather than by cutin alone.
(20) The properties of the homogeneous cutinase I, cutinase II, and the nonspecific esterase isolated from the extracellular fluid of cutin-grown Fusarium solani F. pisi (R.E.
Rutin
Definition:
(n.) A glucoside resembling, but distinct from, quercitrin. Rutin is found in the leaves of the rue (Ruta graveolens) and other plants, and obtained as a bitter yellow crystalline substance which yields quercitin on decomposition.
Example Sentences:
(1) Among them, the coumarins, rutins, Centella asiatica extracts, procyanoside oligomers are the most prescribed.
(2) Embryonic tissues and cells of the chicken were treated with a coumarin-rutin derivative preparation (Venalot).
(3) Further, quercetin and quercitrin elevated the intracellular level of cAMP, whereas hesperidin and rutin did not alter the cAMP level.
(4) Controlled experiments confirmed the therapeutic usefulness in gynecology of a phlebokinetic drug, in which EPL (polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine) was combined with escine and rutine.
(5) The other drugs tested--levamisole, Reparil and Venoruton--although also of some benefit in treatment of this oedema, did not approach the overall effectiveness of coumarin of sodium-rutin-sulphate.
(6) Rutin has no effect on the pathological process in the cheek pouch, and arrests the first phase of inflammation in the foot.
(7) Quercetin and rutin were found to inhibit NADPH and CCl4-dependent LPO in rat liver microsomes, however, in the case of CCl4-dependent LPO, rutin had a very poor antioxidant effect.
(8) Inhibitory effects of flavonoids rutin and quercetin on ferrous ion-dependent lipid peroxidation of lecithin liposomes and NADPH- and CCl4-dependent lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes were studied to elucidate the chelating and free radical scavenging activities of these compounds.
(9) In contrast, the proliferative response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tends to decline with age, and a significant decrease is observed in the mitogenic response to rutin-bovine serum albumin (R-BSA).
(10) In these three systems, tested compounds scavenge superoxide anion radicals or inhibit lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent manner, and it was shown that rutin was the most potent radical scavenger, followed by ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol.
(11) In some cases exposure to xenobiotics (e.g., cyclamate, rutin) results in metabolic adaptation and increased biotransformation of the foreign compound.
(12) The 6-methoxyflavones hispidulin and eupafolin have been identified for the first time from the aerial parts of Eupatorium cannabinum L. The presence of the previously known flavonol glycosides astragalin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, hyperoside, isoquercitrin and rutin could be confirmed.
(13) The effects of rutin-N-mustard, amantadine-N-mustard, chlorpromazine and human interferon types alpha, beta and gamma (IFN-alpha, -beta and -gamma) were studied on the DNA, RNA and protein synthesis of K-562 cells.
(14) Flavonoids with polar substitution in 3,5,7-position such as rutin on the other hand showed activating properties.
(15) Pyrazole, progesterone and phenobarbital did not inhibit, whereas dicoumarol, rutin and indomethacin inhibited NQR activity in murine skin and liver as well as in human keratinocytes.
(16) Quercetin is significantly more potent than three other related compounds (rutin, rutin sulfate and troxerutin) and than methimazole, a previously-known myeloperoxidase inhibitor.
(17) The aglycone flavonoids dose-dependently inhibited snake venom phospholipase A2 but the glycosides hypolaetin-8-glucoside and rutin were inactive.
(18) Dependence upon faecalase treatment for detection of mutagenicity was evaluated concurrently with HPLC analysis of the flavonoids rutin and quercetin.
(19) The micellar thin layer chromatographic behaviours of rutin, quercetin and morin were studied.
(20) The concentration values yielding 50% inhibition of lipid peroxidation in mouse liver homogenate were in order of 10(-6) M for quercetin, rutin, and morin; and of 10(-5) M for acacetin and hispidulin, while naringin and hesperidin had no antioxidative action.