What's the difference between cyanate and ester?

Cyanate


Definition:

  • (n.) A salt of cyanic acid.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The ternary complex consisting of a 65-kDa peptide originating from the proteoglycan core protein and a 43-kDa link protein bound to hyaluronic acid was purified from a clostripain digest of the rat chondrosarcoma aggregating proteoglycan and 14C-carbamylated with potassium [14C]cyanate.
  • (2) Oxygen consumption in cyanate-treated mice was significantly lower than in controls in room air but not different in hypoxic environments.
  • (3) The action of melphalan and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) in prolonging the survival time of melanoma-bearing mice was not enhanced by combined treatment with sodium cyanate.
  • (4) The kinetic 13C isotope effect on the decomposition of carbamoyl phosphate to cyanate and phosphate is 1.058.
  • (5) The binding of cyanate, galactose and glucose 6-phosphate to lens proteins, and the effect of ibuprofen on this reaction was investigated, as was cyanate-induced opacification in whole rat lenses.
  • (6) Another interesting property of PtdIns-glycan-specific phospholipases is their inactivation by bicarbonate and cyanate.
  • (7) The ability to respond to oral cyanate therapy was correlated with the amount of stainable iron in the bone marrow aspirate.
  • (8) In previous studies, we have found that combined treatment with BCNU and sodium cyanate could have a greater effect on the survival of mice bearing B16 melanoma than treatment with either agent alone.
  • (9) The inhibition of the binding of [14C]-glucose and [14C]-cyanate to the aspirin pre-treated crystallins suggests that prior acetylation with aspirin prevents the occurrence of the nonenzymatic glycosylation and carbamylation of the lens crystallins in vitro.
  • (10) The competitive inhibitor boric acid protects mesentericopeptidase against inactivation with potassium cyanate.
  • (11) Cyanate, which is in equilibrium with urea, combines with the alpha-amino group of the aminoterminal valine of hemoglobin in an irreversible, specific carbamylation reaction.
  • (12) Chemical modification of 15% of the lysine residues of LDL by carbamylation with cyanate or 20% by acetoacetylation with diketene prevents the LDL from competitively displacing unmodified 125I-LDL from the high affinity receptor sites or from binding directly to the receptor.
  • (13) The effect of carbamyl phosphate on glutathione concentrations, however, was virtually identical to that of cyanate.
  • (14) Pretreatment of mice with potassium cyanate for 15 days resulted in a significant increase in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity (decrease in P 50) and a significant protection against hypoxic hypoxia-induced lethality.
  • (15) Cyanate administered to mice at a dose of 30 mg per kg per day did not delay allograft rejection.
  • (16) NH2-terminal analysis by both the dansylation and cyanate procedures failed to identify a free NH2 terminus.
  • (17) Preincubation of lysates with cyanate or fluoride markedly decreased acetaldehyde-mediated transaminase inhibition but not aldolase inhibition.
  • (18) In an attempt to understand the variability of the hematologic response to oral sodium cyanate, iron metabolism was studied in a group of 39 patients with sickel cell disease.
  • (19) Two carbamylating agents, carbamyl phosphate and sodium cyanate, are currently being evaluated as therapeutic drugs for the treatment of sickle cell anemia.
  • (20) Hemoglobin carbamylation with sodium cyanate was used to study myocardial O2 delivery during increased oxyhemoglobin affinity.

Ester


Definition:

  • (n.) An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) These effects are similar to those reported for AVP and phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C. Forskolin and isoproterenol, which induce cAMP accumulation, activated extractable topoisomerase II (maximum 5-15 min after treatment), but not topoisomerase I. Permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs dBcAMP and 8BrcGMP selectively activated extractable topoisomerase II and topoisomerase I activities, respectively.
  • (2) Preincubation of human neutrophils with recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha has previously been shown by us to enhance superoxide production of neutrophils in response to the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate.
  • (3) Tumor promoting phorbol esters (1-1000 nM) could also inhibit PGE2 stimulated cAMP production dose dependently.
  • (4) These products were identified to be epimers of 5,12(S)-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester (5,12(S)-diHETE-Me) and epimers of 11,12-diHETE-Me.
  • (5) Benzyloxycarbonylarginine p-nitrophenyl ester and other activated esters of N-a-sustituted arginine salts may be useful reagents for introduction of trypsin-labile protecting groups into peptide fragments for purpose of polypeptide semi-synthesis.
  • (6) The immunodetectable PKC level in hypothyroid liver was elevated 7.7-fold, whereas the phorbol-ester binding capacity and the immunodetectable alpha-PKC level were increased 2.4- and 2.6-fold, respectively.
  • (7) The presence of a previously unreported dipeptide transport mechanism within blood leukocytes and the selective enrichment of the granule enzyme, DPPI, within cytotoxic effector cells of lymphoid or myeloid lineage appear to afford a unique mechanism for the targeting of immunotherapeutic reagents composed of simple dipeptide esters or amides.
  • (8) Incubation of membrane with DL-Hcys alone (5 X 10(-5) M), the combination of both Ad (5 X 10(-5)) and DL-Hcys (5 X 10(-5)), or S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) (1 X 10(-6)) strongly decreased the methyl ester formation.
  • (9) To this purpose, the formation of DHT has been measured in rat glial cell cultures after different time of exposure to TPA, 4 alpha-Ph, an active and an inactive phorbol ester respectively, and 8-Br-cAMP.
  • (10) Insulin incubation of plasma membranes pretreated with protease inhibitors (leupeptin, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride) or with exogenous trypsin, but not chymotrypsin substrates (esters of arginine and tyrosine) yields an inactive supernatant on PDH.
  • (11) Lymphocyte stimulation by phorbol ester for a short time induces c-fos and c-myc expression, but has no effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation.
  • (12) The cryptoxanthin esters varied from 5 to 10% of the total carotenoids in Valencia orange juice concentrates and from 10 to 15% of the total carotenoids in Navel orange juice concentrates.
  • (13) Early in the regression process, cholesterol esters are reduced at least partly by hydrolysis to yield cholesterol, some of which may crystallize and inhibit rapid regression.
  • (14) The kinetics of the luminescent signal with the different luciferin esters varied significantly, indicating possible differences in the rates of uptake, breakdown and enzyme inhibition.
  • (15) In comparison to rat pancreas, [D-Phe6]BN-(6-13)ethyl ester, Ac-GRP-(20-26)ethyl ester, [D-Phe6,Cpa14, psi 13-14]BN-(6-14), [Leu14, psi 13-14]BN, and [Leu14, psi 9,10]BN had a 10,000-, 2,940-, 1,425-, 122-, and 4-fold, respectively, weaker affinity for BN receptors.
  • (16) Enzymatic lability does not, however, play as important a role as lipophilicity in the corneal and conjunctival penetration of cycloalkyl and aryl ester prodrugs.
  • (17) To determine whether the triadimefon-induced hyperactivity is due to an action on CNS catecholaminergic systems, we evaluated the effects of combined treatment of triadimefon with either the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor d,l-alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester HCl (alpha MPT) or the amine depletor reserpine.
  • (18) Growth of C. albicans in the presence of AGE affected the yeast lipid in a number of ways: the total lipid content was decreased; garlic-grown yeasts had a higher level of phosphatidylserines and a lower level of phosphatidylcholines; in addition to free sterols and sterol esters, C. albicans accumulated esterified steryl glycosides; the concentration of palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1) increased and that of linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) decreased.
  • (19) In comparison with native counterparts, the in vitro-formed LDL2 and HDL + VHDL were characterized by lower levels of triglyceride and cholesterol ester and higher levels of free cholesterol and lipid phosphorus.
  • (20) Several histidine derivatives are not susceptible to the enzyme but do inhibit the enzyme activity competitively; the most effective inhibitors are L-histidine methyl ester (Ki = 3.66 mM) and beta-imidazole lactic acid (Ki = 3.84 mM).

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