(n.) A compound formed by the union of cyanogen with an element or radical.
Example Sentences:
(1) Uptake could be supported either by substrate oxidation or by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and was inhibited in the former case by antimycin or cyanide, in the latter case by oligomycin, and in both cases by 2,4-dinitrophenol.
(2) The rhodamine 123-induced growth inhibition was partially reversed by treating the dye-pre-exposed infected erythrocytes with the proton ionophore carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, which dissipates transmembrane proton gradients.
(3) These results are in marked contrast to our results with stroma-free methemoglobin solutions (SFMS) which showed SFMS to be a highly effective antidote against four times the LD90 when administered 30 seconds after an intravenous injection of cyanide.
(4) A sharp decrease in oxygen uptake occurred in Neurospora crassa cells that were transferred from 30 degrees C to 45 degrees C, and the respiration that resumed later at 45 degrees C was cyanide-insensitive.
(5) R2 values for cyanide intake (independent variable) on serum protein (dependent variable) increased from day 30 to 90 of the trial.
(6) The cattle filarial parasite Setaria digitata, a facultative anaerobe which is reported to be cyanide insensitive, lacks cytochromes and presents many unique characters.
(7) The electronic structure of the low-spin ferric iron in cyanide complex appears to be modulated by halide binding to a protonated amino acid in the distal heme cavity.
(8) In the present work we report that 1) the catalytic center or the essential domains of dicarboxylyl-CoA synthetase are located at the cytosolic aspect of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane; 2) dicarboxylyl-CoA oxidase is optimally active on dodecanedioyl-CoA and is a peroxisomal enzyme; 3) cyanide-insensitive dodecanedioyl-CoA oxidation (NADH production) is catalyzed by rat liver homogenates.
(9) This allowed hydrogen cyanide gas to enter the thoracic cavity and diffuse into the blood probably causing the high blood-cyanide level.
(10) Neither cytochrome a nor cytochrome c appears to be an obligatory intermediate in cyanide-sensitive nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation in B. subtilis.
(11) The pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from bovine kidney and heart is inactivated by treatment with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and sodium cyanide or sodium borohydride.
(12) Fish stocks have been decimated by methods that include cyanide poisoning.
(13) The synthesis of aminolaevulate by freeze-dried particles decreased more than that of aminoacetone in the absence of added pyridoxal phosphate, in the presence of cyanide and of tris buffer, and after preincubation of the erythrocyte particles.
(14) The use of both mPMS and azide also eliminated the production of NBT monoformazan which occurred with PMS and cyanide.
(15) A similar plot for amygdalin was curvilinear, with the rate of cyanide release increasing with time.
(16) The superoxide dismutase was a cyanide-insensitive protein of approximately 40,000 molecular weight that migrated electrophoretically on acrylamide gels as a single band of activity.
(17) Glycidonitrile, an acrylonitrile metabolite, proved more potent in this respect than the parent acrylonitrile or its end metabolite, cyanide anion.
(18) Studies on the metabolism of nicotine by rabbit liver microsomal fractions in the presence of 0.01 M sodium cyanide have led to the characterization of two isomeric cyanonicotine compounds.
(19) alpha; this also led to restoration of the cyanide or azide insensitivity and the glucose-ferricyanide oxidoreductase activity in the respiratory chain without affecting other respiratory activities such as glucose and sorbitol oxidases.
(20) Release was abrogated by omission of myeloperoxidase or H2O2, heating of MPO, or addition of azide, cyanide, or catalase.
Nitrile
Definition:
(n.) Any one of a series of cyanogen compounds; particularly, one of those cyanides of alcohol radicals which, by boiling with acids or alkalies, produce a carboxyl acid, with the elimination of the nitrogen as ammonia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The gossylic nitriles all retain activity, with activity increasing with the length of the peri-acyl group.
(2) Photoresponsive nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus sp.
(3) R312, a coryneform strain producing nitrile hydratase and amidase.
(4) The following processes are discussed in this article: enzyme-catalysed hydrolyses of carboxylic acid esters and amides, phosphate esters, nitriles and epoxides; esterification and inter-esterification reactions catalysed by enzymes; reduction of ketones to secondary alcohols using whole-cell systems or isolated dehydrogenases; oxidation of alicyclic and aromatic substrates using mono-oxygenases and dioxygenases in bacteria and fungi including enzyme-catalysed Baeyer-Villiger oxidations; aldol reactions, formation of optically active cyanohydrins and enzyme-catalysed acyloin type reactions.
(5) Finally, knowledge regarding the mechanism of toxicological action provided valuable information in relating toxicological properties among the aliphatic nitriles.
(6) The most probable one is the chlorination of the protein terminal amino groups, followed by the breakdown of the N-chloramine so formed into alpha-ketocarboxylic acid, nitrile or aldehyde groups.
(7) The liquid chromatographic separation of the compounds of interest and the internal standard (indomethacin) is accomplished in an isocratic elution procedure using a nitrile (CN) stationary phase.
(8) In contrast, six closely related non-nitrile ligands containing identical peptide side chains but having C-terminal groups incapable of binding covalently to papain had unmeasureably high dissociation constants.
(9) Similarly the glucosinolate aglucones, isothiocyanates or vinyl oxazolidinethione, were not transferred to milk although small amounts of unsaturated nitrile (1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene) and inorganic thiocyanate were detected in milk.
(10) When propionitrile was the growth substrate, there was complete conversion of the nitrile to propionic acid and ammonia as the major products.
(11) A study was carried out on terminal, infiltrational and conductive anaesthetic activity of new aliphatic-aromatic aminoamides, C6H5CR(NHCOR'') - (CH2)nNR'2, which are the result of reaction between corresponding aminocarbinoles with nitriles in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.
(12) The covalent adduct is most likely a thioimidate formed between the essential thiol and the nitrile.
(13) Inhibition of DPP-I by 3d provides only the second example of a cysteine protease which is strongly inhibited by a nitrile analogue of a specific substrate.
(14) The finding of PQQ in nitrile hydratase strongly suggests a new function of PQQ, i.e., the activation of H2O in the enzymatic hydration reaction.
(15) Several p-nitroanilide substrates and their corresponding nitrile inhibitors were examined.
(16) A number of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoling-8-nitriles and -8-thioamides and related compounds have been found to be potent inhibitors of basal gastric secretion in the pylorus-ligated rat and to afford protection against gastric erosions induced in rats by cold-restraint stress.
(17) It was postulated that the facile hydrolysis is the result of an intramolecular-catalyzed reaction resulting from the formation of a transient cyclic intermediate between nitrile carbon and exocyclic nitrogen.
(18) This procedure was sufficient to predict correctly that nitrile would protect better than neoprene; however, direct experimental confirmation was necessary to select the type of nitrile material which provided optimum protection.
(19) An aliquot of the extract was injected onto the HPLC nitrile reversed-phase column.
(20) Methacrylonitrile, a reactive, unsaturated and methylated aliphatic nitrile, has industrial applications in a variety of organic processes related to the polymer industry.