(1) The data obtained imply that Henle's loop is present in the kidneys not only of higher Vertebrates, but of Cyclostomes as well.
(2) The histochemical localization of some enzymatic activities is surveyed in the optic tectum of vertebrates from cyclostomes to birds.
(3) Insulin has been isolated and purified from the islet organs of the cyclostome, Myxine glutinosa, by means of acid-ethanol extraction, fractional precipitation, and gel filtration.
(4) Phylogenetic comparisons of 18S ribosomal RNA sequences from two hagfishes, two lampreys, a tunicate, a lancelet, and a number of gnathostomes support the monophyly of the cyclostomes.
(5) Type I-like collagens were isolated by limited pepsin digestion from various tissues of lamprey, a member of the cyclostomes.
(6) Visual projections in the telencephalon of cyclostomes (lampreys) and retinothalamo-telencephalic channel in elasmobranches (skates) are shown.
(7) M. glutinosa is a cyclostome, living in the mud in seawater of high salinity.
(8) Lampreys and hagfishes (cyclostomes) traditionally were considered to be a natural (monophyletic) group.
(9) Cyclostomes and Teleosts are myopic and move the lens backward to accommodate for distance.
(10) Comparative anatomical studies show that the spleen appears as a condensation of the lymphomyeloid complex in the spiral fold of the gut in cyclostomes.
(11) No evidence for divergence of cyclostome lymphocytes into separate T- and B-cell systems has yet been discerned.
(12) The concentration and distribution of this tissue in chondrosteans appear to be a condition intermediate between that of cyclostomes and teleosts.
(13) Antisera were then tested immunocytochemically in order (i) to identify amino acids essential for the binding of each antiserum, and (ii) to evaluate the specificity of the immunocytochemical reaction in brain sections from various species of cyclostomes, amphibians, reptiles, and birds.
(14) With the exception of cyclostomes, glial filaments appeared remarkably conserved in vertebrate phylogeny, both with respect to the molecular weight and immunoreactivity of their protein subunit.
(15) Central projections of the nervus terminalis were investigated in a cyclostome (Lampetra planeri), in a sarcopterygian (Protopterus dolloi), and in an actinopterygian fish (Polypterus palmas), following the injection of horseradish peroxidase into the olfactory epithelium.
(16) We have recently found that two different NPY-related molecules are present in the CNS of a cyclostome, the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) (Söderberg et al., 1991).
(17) Cytoplasmic annylate lamellae were found in the islet organ of a cyclostome, the hagfish (Myxine glutinosa), predominantly in cells interpreted as young proliferating beta-cells, and also in endocrine cells and enterocytes of the bile duct and gut and in the endothelial cells of small blood vessels.
(18) Production of definitive generation erythrocytes is centered in evolutionary "pre-splenic" tissue of the gastrointestinal tract or in the spleen in cyclostomes, dipnoi, and chondrichthyes while in teleosts it is typically located in the kidneys with or without splenic participation.
(19) Collectively these observations indicate that pro-enkephalin-related opioid peptides are present in the brain of cyclostomes.
(20) Elastin was found in all vertebrates examined (42 species) with the exception of cyclostomes (3 species).
Lamprey
Definition:
(n.) An eel-like marsipobranch of the genus Petromyzon, and allied genera. The lampreys have a round, sucking mouth, without jaws, but set with numerous minute teeth, and one to three larger teeth on the palate (see Illust. of Cyclostomi). There are seven small branchial openings on each side.
Example Sentences:
(1) The buccal glands of adults of the Southern Hemisphere lamprey Geotria australis consist of a pair of small, bean-shaped, hollow sacs, embedded within the basilaris muscle in the region below the eyes and to either side of the piston cartilage.
(2) The presence in lamprey kidney of a loop which is similar to Henle's loop in mammals and birds indicates that the development of the system of osmotic concentration conditioned by the formation in the kidney of the medulla and from a sharp increase in renal arterial blood supply.
(3) However, the granulocytes of fishes, studied thus far, show granules with only one type of inclusion, whereas in lamprey the granulocyte inclusions are variable in size and shape.
(4) The terminal of the lamprey was nakedly situated on the ventral surface, while that of the hagfish was always covered by the superficial glial layer.
(5) In addition teeth from adult lamprey were successfully cultured in vitro.
(6) Swimming in the lamprey is accomplished by the generation of a travelling wave of body curvature in which the phase coupling between segments is so controlled as to give approximately one full wavelength on the body at any swimming speed.
(7) In lampreys, the majority of HRP-labeled cells were located along the length of the brainstem reticular formation in the inferior, middle, and superior reticular nuclei of the medulla, mesencephalic tegmentum, and nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus.
(8) Immunoreactivity of antisera directed against human neuropeptide Y (NPY), anglerfish polypeptide YG (aPY), bovine pancreatic polypeptide (bPP), salmon pancreatic polypeptide (sPP), porcine peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), and salmon glucagon-like peptide (GLP) was investigated in the endocrine pancreas and anterior intestine of adult lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, by immunohistochemical analysis.
(9) The hemeproteins included human methemoglobin A, lamprey methemoglobin, metchlorocruorin, horse metmyoglobin, and horseradish peroxidase.
(10) In the lamprey only, weakly blue-green fluorescent subependymal cells were seen just beneath the central canal.
(11) Primary lateralis projections in silver lampreys, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, and young adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, were examined utilizing silver impregnation of degenerating fibers and transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase.
(12) Intracellular recordings were made from 76 neurons belonging to various cell types in the lamprey spinal cord, and these neurons were subsequently stained with Lucifer yellow.
(13) The presumed lack of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the nervus terminalis of lampreys is discussed.
(14) The structure and fine structure of the pituitary gland in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., are described at all major stages in the life cycle.
(15) The results suggest that the lamprey spinal cord has several fiber systems containing peptides sharing immunogenic properties with mammalian neuropeptides.
(16) Antibodies against myelin proteins were utilized in the analysis of total particulate material from the brains of the agnathan hagfish and lamprey.
(17) A similar distribution of opioid binding sites was seen in the eel and lamprey brain.
(18) Fragments that consisted mainly of two polysaccharide chains joined by a short polypeptide bridge (doublets) were prepared from chondroitin sulphate-proteins of lamprey, sturgeon, elasmobranch and ox connective tissues after hydrolysis with trypsin and chymotrypsin.
(19) The presence of elastic-like fibers and elastin-like material within some lamprey cartilages implies that this protein may have evolved earlier in vertebrate history than has been previously suggested.
(20) Some immunological relatedness between the hagfish enzyme and the enzyme from lamprey or skate was demonstrated.