What's the difference between cystine and oxidation?
Cystine
Definition:
(n.) A white crystalline substance, C3H7NSO2, containing sulphur, occuring as a constituent of certain rare urinary calculi, and occasionally found as a sediment in urine.
Example Sentences:
(1) Because cystine in medium was converted rapidly to cysteine and cysteinyl-NAC in the presence of NAC and given that cysteine has a higher affinity for uptake by EC than cystine, we conclude that the enhanced uptake of radioactivity was in the form of cysteine and at least part of the stimulatory effect of NAC on EC glutathione was due to a formation of cysteine by a mixed disulfide reaction of NAC with cystine similar to that previously reported for Chinese hamster ovarian cells (R. D. Issels et al.
(2) This diet led to a significant decrease in the 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium and cystine.
(3) After a resuscitation period of 4 h, the medium was made selective by addition of either sodium thiosulfate, bile salts and iodine, or sodium selenite and L-cystine.
(4) From the regression coefficients it was calculated that, for the accretion of 1 g body protein, the dietary amino acid requirements were (mg) threonine 47, valine 53, methionine + cystine 36, methionine 19, isoleucine 43, leucine 78, phenylalanine + tyrosine 84, phenylalanine 41, lysine 68 and tryptophan 12.
(5) The protein component was relatively insoluble and contained an excess of acidic over basic amino acids and little cystine.
(6) Amino acid efflux from highly purified rat liver lysosomes exposed to the methyl ester derivatives of leucine, methionine, tyrosine and cystine was examined.
(7) In the group of patients with the hyperkinetic form the most significant changes were seen for valine, methionine, serine, alanine and cystine, while as the spectrum of aminoacids of the aromatic line is practically unchanged.
(8) The system was compared with the cystine-Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.)
(9) Cystine increased the molybdenum requirement of Mol- mutants for nitrate reductase activity by at least 100-fold.
(10) This fragment consists of the VH-domain and the N-terminal residues of the C mu 1 domain preceding the interchain half-cystine.
(11) The amino acid content of the hydrolized hair keratin of all patients was within normal range and did not reveal significant changes of phenylalanine, cystine, homocystine, methionine or tyrosine.
(12) By comparing P-LAP activity with cystine aminopeptidase activity, we concluded that both activities were shared by the same molecule.
(13) The disulfide-containing peptides are also characterized directly by prolonged exposure of the sample to the high energy xenon atom beam which results in the reduction of cystine residues.
(14) Cultured cells also expressed the storage defect in vitro, containing cystine levels up to 100 times those of normal cells.
(15) Solubility of the pyrogel in sodium dodecyl sulfate, the pyroglobulin's tendency to aggregate and the cystine deficit of H chains implicate conformational changes leading to hydrophobic bonding at 56degreesC in the formation of pyrogel.
(16) Lysine uptake is inhibited by other dibasic amino acids, arginine and ornithine but not cystine.
(17) In skin extracts, threonine, valine, leucine tyrosine, lysine, methionine, cystine, aspartic acid and alanine levels were significantly lower in zinc-deficient rats as compared to zinc-supplemented ad libitum-fed controls.
(18) PEP protected against cystine bridge formation induced by equimolar Nbs2 but not against the extent of inactivation.
(19) Studies on the formation and degradation of the above compound showed that beta-3-oxoindolylalanine and cysteine, which were previously reported to be the main degradation products of tryptophan and cystine, respectively, are formed by the hydrolysis of this intermediate during the course of the reaction.
(20) Comparative studies on the influence of 4 amino acids (cysteine, cystine, methionine and alanine) on the activity of enzymatic preparation were carried out.
Oxidation
Definition:
(n.) The act or process of oxidizing, or the state or result of being oxidized.
Example Sentences:
(1) Compound Z has the properties expected of an oxidized MPT precursor.
(2) PMNs could be primed for PMA-triggered oxidative burst by muramyl peptide molecules (MDP) and two of its adjuvant active nonpyrogenic derivatives.
(3) Arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SaO2) was monitored continuously during normal labour in 33 healthy parturients receiving pethidine and nitrous oxide for analgesia.
(4) The stopped-flow technique was used to measure the rate constants for the reactions between the oxidized forms of peroxidase with luminol and the following substrates: p-iodophenol, p-bromophenol, p-clorophenol, o-iodophenol, m-iodophenol, luciferin, and 2-iodo-6-hydroxybenzothiazole.
(5) The results show that in TMO-treated animals the time to the onset of convulsions, the time to the onset of NADH oxidation-reduction cycles, and the survival time were significantly longer than in the control group.
(6) Nitrous oxide, 60% (P less than 0.025) and 80% (P less than 0.02), caused significant increases in release of beta-endorphin.
(7) Uptake could be supported either by substrate oxidation or by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and was inhibited in the former case by antimycin or cyanide, in the latter case by oligomycin, and in both cases by 2,4-dinitrophenol.
(8) Peripheral blood monocytes undergo an oxidative burst similar to that seen in neutrophils.
(9) Direct limiting effects of hypothermia on tissue O2 delivery and muscle oxidative metabolism as well as vasoconstriction and arteriovenous shunting associated with CPB procedures are likely to be involved in the above mentioned alterations of cell metabolism.
(10) EDRF is even more labile than prostacyclin, with a half-life of about 6 seconds, and it has recently been identified as nitric oxide.
(11) Both SAA and non-SAA enhanced ammonium excretion but only non-SAA enhanced organic anion excretion, an indicator of incomplete oxidation of organic acids.
(12) Despite the nearly anaerobic state of the ascites tumor fluid in vivo, cancer cells suspended in this fluid oxidized FFA at least as fast as they do in vitro under aerobic conditions.
(13) Steroid-treated steers showed a slight decline in synthesis which was significant (P less than 0.05) at week +5 post-implant while amino acid oxidation was significantly lower at weeks +2 (P less than 0.01) and +5 (P less than 0.05) compared with control animals.
(14) In the present work, we measured the inactivation of methionine synthase and the concurrent homocysteine export rate of two murine and four human cell lines during nitrous oxide exposure.
(15) These series were prepared by oxidation of the new hydroquinone precursors.
(16) Rhesus monkey BAT mitochondria (BATM) possess an uncoupling protein that is characteristic of BAT as evidenced by the binding of [3H]GDP, the inhibition by GDP of the high Cl- permeability or rapid alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidation.
(17) Anaesthesia was achieved by a mixture of oxygen, nitrous oxide and fluothane without use of muscle relaxants.
(18) Endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine and endothelium-independent relaxations to nitric oxide were observed in rings from both strains during contraction with endothelin.
(19) Rapid reaction studies show the formation of an intermediate which is common to both the oxidation and inactivation pathways.
(20) During the carcinogens metabolism compounds are assumed to be formed, those are able to affect oxidative phosphorylation without forming any stable link with the respiratory chain components.