(n.) The substance of the body of a cell, as distinguished from the karyoplasma, or substance of the nucleus.
Example Sentences:
(1) 5-HT thus appears to be the preferred substrate for uptake into platelets and for movement from cytoplasm to vesicles.
(2) The monoclonal antibody (mAb), SY38, binds to a cytoplasmic domain of synaptophysin.
(3) Immunofluorescence analysis of Pr-28 antigen showed that the antigen was localized mainly in perinuclear cytoplasm.
(4) Their contour lengths varied from 0.28 to 51 micron, but unlike in the case of maize, a large difference was not observed in the distribution of molecular classes greater than 1.0 micron between N and S cytoplasms of sugar beet.
(5) Chloroquine induced large cytoplasmic vacuoles, whereas the other drugs (quinacrine, 4,4'-diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol, chlorphentermine, iprindole, 1-chloro-amitriptyline, clomipramine) caused formation of lamellated or crystalloid inclusions as usually seen in drug-induced lipidosis.
(6) Aside from these characteristic findings of HCC, it was important to reveal the following features for the diagnosis of well differentiated type of small HCC: variable thickening or distortion of trabecular structure in association with nuclear crowding, acinar formation, selective cytoplasmic accumulation of Mallory bodies, nuclear abnormalities consisting of thickening of nucleolus, hepatic cords in close contact with bile ducts or blood vessels, and hepatocytes growing in a fibrous environment.
(7) RNA transcribed in vitro from the early region of bacteriophage T3 or T7 was translated by cytoplasmic ribosomes which synthesized protein in cell-free systems prepared from mammalian cells and wheat germ.
(8) The ability of cytoplasmic extracts to induce DNA synthesis in isolated, quiescent nuclei.
(9) P2 is a cytoplasmic protein, while P1 largely fractionates with the membrane.
(10) In contrast, in primordial follicles, FSH was restricted to the germ cell but was present in both the oocyte cytoplasm and germinal vesicle.
(11) Digestion of cytoplasmic components of horny cells was observed by electron microscopy, but both cell membranes and desmosomes remained intact.
(12) The lymphocyte-specific phosphoprotein LSP1 associates with the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane and with the cytoskeleton.
(13) We have previously shown that about 90% of total Escherichia coli lac repressor synthesized in mammalian cells is located in the cytoplasm [Hu and Davidson, Cell 48 (1987) 555-566].
(14) Cytoplasmic organelles were displaced and rearranged in the presence of somal neurofibrillary changes.
(15) After Listeria, a bacterium, is phagocytosed by a macrophage, it dissolves the phagosomal membrane and enters the cytoplasm.
(16) Immunocytochemical analysis also suggested that bFGF immunoreactivity was present in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm of astrocytes and CA2 neurons.
(17) Losses of RNase activities in preneoplastic tissues are followed by changes in the properties of cytoplasmic RNA probably due to alterations in ribosomes in areas of neoplastic transformation.
(18) The role of cytoplasmic microtubules (MTs) in the structural organization of the Golgi complex and the lysosomal system was studied in L929 mouse fibroblasts using a combination of cytochemical and electron microscopic methods.
(19) Increases were found in both nuclei and cytoplasm of trophoblast cells in the labyrinth region.
(20) After 10-20 hr of culture, both membrane and cytoplasmic PKC activity had declined to background levels.
Syncytium
Definition:
(n.) Tissue in which the cell or partition walls are wholly wanting and the cell bodies fused together, so that the tissue consists of a continuous mass of protoplasm in which nuclei are imbedded, as in ordinary striped muscle.
(n.) The ectoderm of a sponge.
Example Sentences:
(1) The possibility of unequivocally detecting syncytium-inducing strains after only a few days of coculture will make this detection routine and rapid.
(2) A putative mechanism by which p56lck affects the syncytium formation is also discussed.
(3) The lymph matrix consists of a cytoplasmic syncytium within which nuclei, mitochondria and various sized granules and membranous structures occur.
(4) Another part of bicarbonate is transported as ion using an anion exchange system, which exists in both the multivillous and the basal membranes of the syncytium.
(5) Placental HGF was expressed strongly in the villous syncytium, extravillous trophoblast, and amnionic epithelium, and, to a lesser degree in endothelial cells and villous mesenchyme.
(6) The maturation of feline syncytium-forming virus (FSFV), a member of the foamy virus sub-family (Spumavirinae), has been studied by electron microscopy of thin sections of infected feline embryo (FEA) cells.
(7) These changes are followed from one side, by an atrophy of the blood vessels and connective tissue cells, and from the other, there increases the number of decidua giant cells, as well as of syncytium and cytotrophoblast.
(8) Electron miscroscopy shows that the pooled components of the fused monocytes are not randomly dispersed in the syncytium, but are highly reorganized into a functioning unit.
(9) Syncytium formation between HUT-78 cells persistently infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and uninfected CD4-bearing MOLT-4 or CEM cells results in a rapid destruction of the MOLT-4 or CEM cells.
(10) When the envelope expression level was increased 10-fold or more, several additional mutants (APG, GAG, GSG, GQG, GVG, and GPF) also induced syncytium formation.
(11) As invasion continued trophoblastic villi, consisting of cores of cytotrophoblast covered by a continuous layer of syncytium, penetrated deeper into the endometrium.
(12) Pregnancy-associated protease inhibitors were detected in the syncytium of the villi of all histological types and also in the fetal and maternal blood.
(13) The chromosome abnormalities were so severe that it is highly improbable that mitosis led to successful nuclear multiplication within a given syncytium.
(14) The murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5A8, which is reactive with domain 2 of CD4, blocks human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and syncytium formation of CD4+ cells (L. C. Burkly, D. Olson, R. Shapiro, G. Winkler, J. J. Rosa, D. W. Thomas, C. Williams, and P. Chisholm, J.
(15) Tromantadine most likely inhibits a cellular process that is required for syncytium formation, such as glycoprotein processing, which occurs after the synthesis of the fusion protein but before its expression on the cell surface.
(16) Either sulfatide- or cholesterol sulfate-containing liposomes effectively prevented syncytium formation induced by BIV-infected cells, but the inhibitory effect of sulfatide alone on syncytium formation was low.
(17) Four monkeys that had been immunized with the env product produced antibody against HTLV-I gp68 and gp46, and their sera were found to cause strong inhibition of syncytium formation of a cat fibroblast cell line induced by HTLV-I.
(18) The inhibition of virus multiplication with ammonium chloride as well as treatment of the cells before the medium acidification with immune serum reduced syncytium formation markedly.
(19) We also show that separate addition of exogenous recombinant (r) TNF alpha or rTNF beta or rIFN gamma increases HIV-1-induced syncytium formation in both PBMC and CD4+ cells by up to 10,000-fold, with TNF alpha being most potent in this regard.
(20) Syncytium formation of HIV-infected T cells was essentially eliminated in the presence of M. fermentans (incognitus strain), despite prominent cell death.