(n.) A crustacean with ten feet or legs, as a crab; one of the Decapoda. Also used adjectively.
Example Sentences:
(1) Clearance of foreign materials from the hemocoel of decapod crustaceans involves several distinct kinds of cells.
(2) Single actin control was found in the fast muscles of decapods, in mysidacea, in a single sipunculid species, and in vertebrate striated muscles.
(3) The luciferin of the bioluminescent decapod shrimp, Oplophorus gracilorostris, was purified and studied with respect to u.v.
(4) In the walking legs of decapod crustaceans, intersegmental reflex actions originate from various joint proprioceptors.
(5) This suggests that the mechanisms of cuticle secretion do not undergo marked changes in activity as they do in decapods; presumably this relative continunity is related to the much shorter molt cycle of cladocerans.
(6) Similar inclusions were not found in the leg axons of a variety of other decapod crustaceans.
(7) Accordingly, the function of this organ is probably the same in decapods and Armadillidium.
(8) Also, in decapod crustaceans a peptidic neurodepressing hormone (NDH) modulates neuroelectrical and behavioural rhythmicity.
(9) In Crustaceans, the free amino acid composition of the hemolymph thus appears, both quantitatively and qualitatively, to be a biochemical character of marine Isopods when compared to Oniscoids Isopods and to Decapods.
(10) Possible implications of these findings for phylogenetic relations of decapod crustaceans and for the evolution of neural circuits are discussed.
(11) The gross anatomy of the hepatopancreas of this species is simpler than that of decapods, but microscopically the cells are similar in both.
(12) While much less genically variable than other invertebrates, Homarus is not atypical when compared with eleven decapod species that average 5.8% heterozygosity.
(13) Neurotransmitters used by the STG motoneurons of stomatopods are compared to those of decapods.
(14) In comparison with the other trypsins from the Crustacean decapods, the shrimp enzymes have four pairs of disulfide bonds, intermediary between the crayfish trypsin (three pairs) and the crab trypsin (five pairs), and are immunochemically different from them.
(15) Myosin control is not found in striated vertebrate muscles and in the fast muscles of crustacean decapods, although regulatory light chains are present.
(16) An overview of studies on the decapod crustacean cardiac ganglion is given emphasizing contributions to questions of general interest in cellular neurophysiology.
(17) Analysis of data obtained from molecular hybridization of 3H-labeled repetitious DNA has been utilized to reconstruct the broad outlines of phylogenetic relationships among decapod Crustacea.
(18) In the crab Carcinus maenas, as in other decapod crustaceans, the extracellular pH varies with temperature so that the relative alkalinity remains approximately constant.
(19) These results confirmed earlier reports by Yonge (1924) and van Weel (1955) on the decapods, Nephrops norvegicus and Atya spinides, respectively.
(20) In particular, the inhibitory axons of the reptantian decapod leg have been reported, in various studies within four different infraorders, to innervate anywhere from one to all seven of the leg's distal muscles and to vary in number from two to four.
Scaphognathite
Definition:
(n.) A thin leafike appendage (the exopodite) of the second maxilla of decapod crustaceans. It serves as a pumping organ to draw the water through the gill cavity.
Example Sentences:
(1) These include: serotonin-proctolin cell pairs in the fifth thoracic and first abdominal ganglia; a large dopamine-proctolin neuron in the circumesophageal ganglion; and cholinergic-proctolin sensory neurons which innervate a mechanoreceptor in the scaphognathite.
(2) The bilateral patterns of forward and reversed scaphognathite (SG) pumping are described for the American lobster.
(3) And the phenomenon of bilateral coordination between the morphologically independent scaphognathites is described.
(4) The higher the water oxygenation, the less the duration of ventilation, the frequency of the scaphognathite beats which ensure water convection, the negative of the water hydrostatic pressure relative to ambient water pressure, and the respired water flow.
(5) The importance of sensory feedback in maintaining normal rates of scaphognathite beating is noted.
(6) Proctolin-immunoreactive sensory neurons were identified as large stained fibers that terminated in sensory dendrites of the oval organ mechanoreceptor in the scaphognathite (Pasztor, 1979; Pasztor and Bush, 1982).
(7) The neuronal control of the scaphognathites is analyzed at several levels.
(8) The neuronal control of the scaphognathites also respond directly to oxygen tension.
(9) Extracts of the pericardial organs of crabs injected into intact animals cause an increase in the frequency of scaphognathite beating.
(10) Several different models of parts of the over-all scaphognathite neuronal circuitry are presented for heuristic purposes.
(11) Respiratory exchange in decapod crustacea requires the coordinated activity of the heart and the scaphognathites, appendages which ventilate the gills.
(12) The organization of the flagellum abductor muscle and of a scaphognathite levator muscle of the green crab, Carcinus maenas, has been compared quantitatively using light and electron microscopy.
(13) The heart and scaphognathites also respond directly to oxygen tension.