(n.) The act or process of resolving the constituent parts of a compound body or substance into its elementary parts; separation into constituent part; analysis; the decay or dissolution consequent on the removal or alteration of some of the ingredients of a compound; disintegration; as, the decomposition of wood, rocks, etc.
(n.) The state of being reduced into original elements.
(n.) Repeated composition; a combination of compounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) The ADAM derivative of carnitine was separated from decomposition products of the reagent and related compounds such as amino acid derivatives on a silica gel column eluted with methanol-5% aqueous SDS-phosphoric acid (990:10:1).
(2) The decomposition of nafcillin and penicillin G solutions was hastened significantly by magnesium sulphate due to effect on the pH values of the solutions.
(3) The UV and IR absorption spectra of compounds present in the eluate were compared with those of model compounds that were assumed to exist in the gel as impurities after the polymerization (monomers and oligomers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, decomposition products of initiators).
(4) The decomposition of nitrosourea is facilitated when a proton or lithium ion is positioned at the oxygen of the nitroso group.
(5) Inactivation is due to alkylation by 2-methylene-3(2H)-furanone, a decomposition product of the enzymic product 3'-keto-2'-deoxyuridine triphosphate.
(6) During heat treatment, decomposition to isopilocarpine predominated over decomposition to pilocarpic or isopilocarpic acid.
(7) The rate of decomposition of cis-4-OHCP was much faster in plasma than in buffer at pH 7.4.
(8) Hydroxyapatite thermal decomposition product is a mixture of alpha-tricalcium phosphate and tetracalcium phosphate.
(9) A quantitative assay has been developed for putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and several free amino acids--lysine, arginine, and histidine--as a measure of decomposition.
(10) At temperatures of 200-300 degrees C hexamine decomposition is reported to produce mainly ammonia and formaldehyde.
(11) The hygienic control of polluted surface waters has to be correlated with measurements of the decomposition rate of heterotrophic microbial populations.
(12) Using the malonic acid concentration as a measure of decomposition, this method was used to determine the hydrolytic stability of Meldrum's acid and its skin penetration properties.
(13) Their growth development during the treatment agreed very well with the results of decomposition and deodorization.
(14) The kinetic 13C isotope effect on the decomposition of carbamoyl phosphate to cyanate and phosphate is 1.058.
(15) Enhanced esterification of cholesterol could function as an early primary factor injuring the myelin membrane, the lysocompounds may be involved at a later stage in the pathomechanism of myelin decomposition in the central nervous system.
(16) The cholesterol is possibly a decomposition product of the monohydrate.
(17) The importance of the decomposition of phosphatidylinosite and of its phosphate esters in binding of certain ligands to receptors is shown.
(18) By decomposition of reconstituted receptors with proteases, we demonstrated the homogeneous orientation of the receptor with its extracellular head group pointing to the convex side of the vesicles.
(19) The injected decomposition product was found to be solid at the time of sacrifice in all animals.
(20) The ion content of heart tissue was measured with flame spectrometer after the decomposition of myocardium by Lumatom tissue solubizer.
Hesperetin
Definition:
(n.) A white, crystalline substance having a sweetish taste, obtained by the decomposition of hesperidin, and regarded as a complex derivative of caffeic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) Particularly, MC- and BNF-inducible P-450 showed high stereoselectivity on C6-position of testosterone, and PB-, flavone- and hesperetin-inducible one showed that on C2-position of this compound, respectively.
(2) Comparative examinations and autoxidation studies with the flavanon glycosides hesperidin and naringin as well as with their aglycones hesperetin and naringenin showed that the former are mainly responsible for the antioxidative activity of the citrus peel and extracts.
(3) Blood lipid levels in rats with hyperlipidemia resulting from high-fat feeding were determined after ip administration of an MeOH extract of Prunus davidiana stems and its flavonoid components, (+)-catechin, prunin (= naringenin 7-O-glucoside), and hesperetin 5-O-glucoside.
(4) The effect of several naturally occurring dietary flavonoids including quercetin, naringin, hesperetin, and catechin on the infectivity and replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), polio-virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 3 (Pf-3), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was studied in vitro in cell culture monolayers employing the technique of viral plaque reduction.
(5) This glucosyltransferase has an expressed specificity for the 7-position of the flavanones naringenin (Kmapp 62 microM; Kmapp UDPG 51 microM) and hesperetin (Kmapp 124 microM; Kmapp UDPG 243 microM) and did not accept other flavone or flavonol aglycones.
(6) A time-course study indicated that hesperetin was able to delay the lipolytic action of epinephrine.
(7) Of the compounds tested (naringin, rutin, neohesperetin, hesperetin, dihydroquercetin, quercetin, quercetin pentaacetate, permethylquercetin, m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and m,p-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid), only quercetin was mutagenic without microsomal activation.
(8) Trypsin-activated phosphorylase kinase was inhibited by quercetin and stimulated by hesperetin, as for the native enzyme.
(9) Prunin and hesperetin 5-O-glucoside did not show such an effect in high-fat-fed hypertriglyceridemic rats, but they did exhibit a significant hypocholesterolemic effect.
(10) The Km for UDP-rhamnose was similar with prunin (1.3 microM) and hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (1.1 microM) as substrate.
(11) The other flavonoids studied, viz., quercetin, quercetrin, rutin, taxifolin, myricetin, myricetrin, phloretin, phloridzin, diosmetin, diosmin, apiin, hesperetin, naringenin, (+)-catechin, morin, fisetin, chrysin, and 3-hydroxyflavone, all showed varying extents of inhibition of the nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation, induced by either ascorbic acid or ferrous sulfate.
(12) The X-ray crystal structure analysis of hesperetin monohydrate showed that the molecule is essentially planar despite the sofa conformation of the gamma-pyran ring and the 27 degrees twist of the 2-phenyl ring.
(13) Flavone- and hesperetin-inducible P-450 catalyzed the hydroxylation of testosterone more effectively than other chemicals-inducible ones.
(14) The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of rhamnose from UDP-rhamnose to the C-2 hydroxyl group of glucose attached via C-7-O- of naringenin or hesperetin.
(15) Of the fifteen flavonoids studied, fisetin, quercetin and luteolin were the most potent, while hesperetin, taxifolin and rutin were among the least potent.
(16) Only butein and hesperetin showed inhibition of epinephrine-induced lipolysis, and their effect was dose-dependent.
(17) From 14 flavonoids tested, the flavones quercetin and fisetin were found to be efficient inhibitors of nonactivated phosphorylase kinase when assayed at pH 8.2, causing 50% inhibition at a concentration of about 50 microM, while the flavanone hesperetin stimulated phosphorylase kinase activity about 2-fold when tested at 250 microM.
(18) The affinity for the natural acceptor prunin (Km = 2.4 microM) was much higher than for hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (Km = 41.5 microM).
(19) Transcription of rhiA is repressed in cells grown in the presence of the flavanone hesperetin or the flavone apigenin, both of which are potent inducers of transcription of nod genes.
(20) Two other flavonoids tested, i.e., rutin (3-rhamnosylglucoside of quercetin) and hesperidin [7-b rutinoside of hesperetin (3'-5-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyflavone)] were ineffective both alone and in combination with CDDP.