What's the difference between deduce and infer?

Deduce


Definition:

  • (v. t.) To lead forth.
  • (v. t.) To take away; to deduct; to subtract; as, to deduce a part from the whole.
  • (v. t.) To derive or draw; to derive by logical process; to obtain or arrive at as the result of reasoning; to gather, as a truth or opinion, from what precedes or from premises; to infer; -- with from or out of.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence contained both amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences.
  • (2) The deduced amino acid sequence contained no consensus sequence indicative of N-glycosylation.
  • (3) Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, rpL8 has a mass of 28,605 Da, a pI of 11.97, and contains 9.6% Arg and 11.9% Lys.
  • (4) Examination of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed an apparent homology to cAMP binding sites in several other proteins.
  • (5) The deduced amino acid sequences of the inserts of these two clones show considerable homology with each other, the sequence of chicken skin beta-galactoside-binding lectin, and eight peptides derived from purified human lung lectin of Mr approximately 14,000.
  • (6) The function of these triple cones can not be deduced from the behavior patterns of these fishes.
  • (7) Classic technics of digital image analysis and new algorithms were used to improve the contrast on the full image or a portion of it, contrast a skin lesion with statistical information deduced from another lesion, evaluate the shape of the lesion, the roughness of the surface, and the transition region from the lesion to the normal skin, and analyze a lesion from the chromatic point of view.
  • (8) Their structures were deduced as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1----3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1----6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (VII) and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1----3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-beta-glucopyranosyl (1----6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (VIII), based on spectral analysis and chemical evidences as well as results of 2D-HPTLC.
  • (9) The retreating rate constants deduced from the dissolution results were well coincident with the values directly determined by the needle penetration method, suggesting good applicability of the proposed equation.
  • (10) Homologies of the amino acid sequences deduced from these cDNA sequences with that of human PVR were 90.2 and 86.4%, respectively.
  • (11) Since the N-terminal amino acid of the coat protein of PVA was blocked, the position of the putative coat protein cleavage site has been deduced by searching for consensus sequences and by the analogy to other potyviruses.
  • (12) In aqueous solution at neutral pH, all the COOH-terminal fragments attain a native-like conformation, as judged both by the content of secondary structure deduced from far-ultraviolet CD spectra and by the recognition of rabbit polyclonal antibodies specific for the COOH-terminal region in native thermolysin.
  • (13) Based on this mechanism the rate equation for the overall reaction was deduced and the various kinetic constants estimated.
  • (14) Although EI may function extracellularly as well as intracellularly, its deduced sequence lacks a typical cleavable N-terminal signal sequence.
  • (15) The effects of 6MP in hamster was compared with other species, and with other growth-supressive agents, and it was deduced that the teratogenicity of 6MP is species and tissue specific.
  • (16) The cleavage sites for the restriction endonucleases BamHI, HindIII, EcoRI, BglII, PvuII, BstEII and PstI were mapped, and the gene organization deduced through heterologous hybridization using different cloned fragments of the rat mitochondrial genome.
  • (17) The PCR amplified a 375-bp DNA fragment which was cloned and sequenced; the deduced amino acid sequence had significant identity with known TS sequences, including strict conservation of all phylogenetically invariant TS amino acid residues.
  • (18) The primary structure of the protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence showed that the protein is composed of 189 amino acid residues and has three E-F hand structures that are characteristic for Ca2+-binding sites.
  • (19) Eight of the lesions contained HPV DNA sequences, and in six of these the sequences were related to HPV 16 as deduced from low-stringency nucleic acid hybridization followed by low- and high-stringency washes.
  • (20) As deduced from the nucleotide sequence, the gene potentially codes for a novel 86 kd protein with a highly repetitive and conserved nine amino acid sequence motive in the middle part of the protein.

Infer


Definition:

  • (v. t.) To bring on; to induce; to occasion.
  • (v. t.) To offer, as violence.
  • (v. t.) To bring forward, or employ as an argument; to adduce; to allege; to offer.
  • (v. t.) To derive by deduction or by induction; to conclude or surmise from facts or premises; to accept or derive, as a consequence, conclusion, or probability; to imply; as, I inferred his determination from his silence.
  • (v. t.) To show; to manifest; to prove.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Consensual but rationally weak criteria devised to extract inferences of causality from such results confirm the generic inadequacy of epidemiology in this area, and are unable to provide definitive scientific support to the perceived mandate for public health action.
  • (2) We infer from these results that endotoxin ameliorates the cyclical changes in blood cell counts by regulating hematopoietic proliferative activity at the stem cell level.
  • (3) The operational meaning of all the resulting theorems is that when any of them appear to be refuted experimentally, the presence of more than one parallel transport pathway (that is, of membrane heterogeneity transverse to the direction of transport) can be inferred and analyzed.
  • (4) The visual processes revealed in these experiments are considered in terms of inferred illumination and surface reflectances of objects in natural scenes.
  • (5) It is inferred that in this experimental model (1) high-density lipoproteins are probably excreted in the glomerular filtrate, (2) alterations in the composition of the excreted lipoproteins may occur during their passage through the nephron.
  • (6) The sequence data were used to infer phylogeny by using a maximum-parsimony method, an evolutionary-distance method, and the evolutionary-parsimony method.
  • (7) Hydropathic analysis of the inferred amino acid sequence of the gene product predicts that amtA encodes a cytoplasmic component of the ammonium transport system.
  • (8) Chemical binding studies showed that the teichoic acid was the major uranyl binding component in isolated walls, from which it might be inferred that teichoic acid was located in the densely staining regions.
  • (9) From the different shapes of the scattering curves of the native phosphofructokinase at pH 7.5 in the presence of 15 mM ATP and of the cross-linked tetramer or octamer, it can be inferred that the shapes of the protomers are different: in the presence of ATP the protomers are elongated, having an axial ratio of 1.8 to 2.0; the cross-linked state reveals a spherical protomer of radius 33.0 A, similar to that of the native enzyme at pH 7.5 in the presence of fructose 6-phosphate or fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
  • (10) An international team led by Luciano Iess at the Sapienza University in Rome inferred the existence of the ocean after taking a series of exquisite measurements made during three fly-bys between April 2010 and May 2012, which brought the Cassini spacecraft within 100km of the surface of Enceladus.
  • (11) We infer an alpha 1-adrenergic effect in which norepinephrine is released by ethanol.
  • (12) Where Brooks was concerned on the hacking charge, there was very little extra evidence to add to that platform of inference.
  • (13) We therefore infer the existence of separate fiber type-specific and positionally graded transcriptional regulators that act together to determine levels of transgene expression.
  • (14) The therapeutical inferences of these observations are discussed.
  • (15) We infer that a 5' cap is present on both of these RNAs and conclude that the mini-exon-derived RNA donates its 5' cap along with the mini-exon sequence to the pre-mRNA.
  • (16) Tonic sympathetic neural control of heart rate was inferred from bradycardia after treatment with the adrenergic neuron-blocking agent, bretylium tosylate.
  • (17) Two consequences of these conditions are (1) patient classification into syndrome types (e.g., phonological dysgraphia, agrammatism, and so forth) can play no useful role in research concerned with issues about the structure of normal cognitive functioning or its dissolution under conditions of brain damage; and (2) only single-patient studies allow valid inferences about the structure of cognitive mechanisms from the analysis of impaired performance.
  • (18) Results are discussed and inferences for better care, particularly of the mentally ill residents, are indicated.
  • (19) By way of conclusion, from our observations we may infer that neither age, nor sex nor location, save in the case of patients under the age of 40, have prognostic value in the evolution of the primary tumor, which will be noticeably better (lower percentage of relapses and longer illness-free period) in patients with a single tumor of low grade and state, and in general in patients receiving intravesical prophylactic chemotherapy treatment, and no difference is found between thio-tepa and adriamycin.
  • (20) Awareness of making dispositional inferences was only weakly correlated with disposition-cued recall.