What's the difference between demilune and protoplasm?
Demilune
Definition:
(n.) A work constructed beyond the main ditch of a fortress, and in front of the curtain between two bastions, intended to defend the curtain; a ravelin. See Ravelin.
(n.) A crescentic mass of granular protoplasm present in the salivary glands.
Example Sentences:
(1) A similar, less heavy deposition occurred in demilune cells.
(2) Adenyl cyclase activity in mucous acinar cells and serous demilune cells of the rat sublingual gland was localized cytochemically.
(3) The granules of the demilune cells are slightly different in appearance.
(4) Serous cells showed a gradient of immunostaining intensity ranging from strongly positive in demilunes of human sublingual gland to negative in rat submandibular gland and lacrimal glands of rats and mice.
(5) Sympathetic stimulation, on the other hand, had no effect on the tubulo-acini or demilunes but caused a surprisingly extensive degranulation of the striated ducts plus loss of glycogen from their cells.
(6) The mucous cells of both gland types appeared to elaborate sulphated muco-substances and the serous demilunes of the labial glands neutral mucosubstances.
(7) The sublingual gland of Praomys natalensis, an African rodent that is phenotypically and cytogenetically intermediate to mice and rats, is a mixed gland, consisting of mucous acini that are capped by serous demilunes, of intercalated ducts, and of some short striated ducts that quickly become excretory ducts.
(8) The secretion in the serous demilune cells was much faster than in the mucous acinar cells.
(9) After incubation with adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) as substrate, deposits of reaction product are found along the cell membranes bordering the secretory surfaces of serous demilune cells.
(10) These findings suggest that the glandular cells of the demilune have the granules containing mucopoly saccharides and a small quantity of protein in addition to the mucous granules, although the terminal portion of the Japanese macaque labial gland is nearly composed of mucous cells.
(11) There was no evidence of specific fluorescence in the acinar and demilune cells nor in the interstitial tissue or blood besells.
(12) The accessory gland has secretory endpieces consisting of mucous acini with small mucous demilunes.
(13) These demilunes are associated with the mucous acini.
(14) In submaxillary glands, staining was localized in serous demilunes and striated ducts.
(15) In contrast to the submandibular gland, the adult parotid and sublingual glands retain the localization of B1-IP reactivity in PRG acinar and intercalated duct cells and in SLG demilunes, and they show the neonatal immunoelectrophoretic pattern.
(16) The secretory endpiece consisted of mucous acini and seromucous demilunes.
(17) 4) The secretory granules containing in the glandular cells of mucous acini stain intensely with PAS, alcian blue (pH1.0, 2.5, 3.5), colloidal iron and PA-methenamine silver, while those of demilunes are negative with alcian blue (pH1.0).
(18) In normal salivary glands, the intercalated duct cells gave positive staining for lysozyme in major glands, and serous acinar cells, demilune cells, and interlobular duct cells were positive in minor glands.
(19) The mechanism whereby parasympathetic stimulation evokes a marked flow of submandibular saliva remains unexplained, but has now been shown to involve a marked increase in the immunoreactivity of Na+, K(+)-ATPase at the base of the gland's demilune cells.
(20) In contrast, demilune cells in the resting submandibular gland showed little if any staining.
Protoplasm
Definition:
(n.) The viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and animal cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so-called " physical basis of life;" the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, bioplasm sarcode, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) Fixation with buffered glutaraldehyde resulted in higher counts (P less than 0.01) of proximal protoplasmic droplets (2.47, 1.03, 0.67, and 1.43%, respectively, for glutaraldehyde, Hancock's, Blom's, and formol saline procedures).
(2) Small, diffusely GJP-IR cells were identified ultrastructurally as protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes.
(3) Protoplasmic cylinders contained within such granules frequently were devoid of cell envelopes.
(4) The infected cells treated by this method showed light green fluorescence of the protoplasm, with a dark nucleus, while the intact cells had tile-red cytoplasm.
(5) That T-tubules isolated by disruption of triad junctions are constrained to have the protoplasmic (P) face uniformly exposed was experimentally confirmed.
(6) The morphological change of cerebral cortex astrocytes from protoplasmic to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-containing cells is induced by injury.
(7) Pretreatment of mice by intravenous injection with killed Listeria provided neither delayed-type hypersensitivity to Listeria protoplasm nor protection against Listeria infection.
(8) The greatest motion of protoplasmic droplets was recorded in the caput epididymidis, although the migration of droplets from the proximal section of the connective part of the flagellum towards the distal parts could also be observed as far as in the cauda epididymidis in both animals.
(9) Thus staining techniques that have a propensity for the glial filaments such as antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein and the gold-chloride method provide only a skeletal outline of the major processes of the protoplasmic astrocyte.
(10) Within this context, we would like to present a case discussion regarding a 27-month-old boy with a hypothalamic-midbrain protoplasmic glioma treated with primary chemotherapy after surgical biopsy and pathologic documentation.
(11) The toxin appears to be protoplasmic and is released into the surrounding environment upon autolysis of the cells.
(12) To improve the definitions, eliminate overlapping diagnostic categories, and sharpen the fuzzy boundaries that contribute substantially to limited reproducibility, we suggest: (1) the categories of astrocytoma nos, fibrillary astrocytoma, and protoplasmic astrocytoma be collapsed into a single category of astrocytoma; (2) the diagnostic category of desmoplastic medulloblastoma be combined with medulloblastoma; and (3) the criteria for anaplasia should be further refined to include quantification of critical histologic features, e.g., agreed upon operational definitions for amount of cell density, number of mitoses and pleomorphism for anaplastic astrocytoma and anaplastic ependymoma.
(13) They mainly concentrate on the membrane protoplasmic surface.
(14) The incompatibility reaction when vegetative or sexual R and V cells fuse is asymmetric: it is induced only in the R protoplasm.
(15) The intramembranous particles in the protoplasmic face of fractured membranes obtained from fresh cells incubated with 1 mM of Ca2+ were more scattered and their density was lower than in control cells.
(16) Morphometric analysis of the outgrowth zone revealed a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of fibroblastic-reactive microglial cells (from 12 to 0%), and a significant increase in the incidence of protoplasmic astrocytic-epithelial cells (from 82 to 96%), for AraC-treated explants compared to controls.
(17) Periplasmic bodies were most prevalent in the regions of the bud scars and were often accommodated within large invaginations in the protoplasmic membrane.
(18) However, electron microscopic immunocytochemical analysis of NG2 immunoreactive cells revealed a cell morphology consistent with that of protoplasmic astrocytes.
(19) (2) It has been shown that in protoplasmic drops the endoplasm-ectoplasm transformation is accompanied by an actin polymerization from the non-filamentous state to F-actin.
(20) These studies are based upon the observation that a number of experimental maneuvers can alter tissue permeability to water, but do not change the number of particle aggregates observed on the protoplasmic face of the granular cell's luminal membrane with freeze-fracture electron microscopy.