What's the difference between depolarizer and electrolyte?
Depolarizer
Definition:
(n.) A substance used to prevent polarization, as upon the negative plate of a voltaic battery.
Example Sentences:
(1) These channels may, at least in some cases, be responsible for the generation of pacemaker depolarizations, thereby regulating firing behaviour.
(2) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(3) In experiments performed to determine whether PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis induced by TRH may have been caused by the elevation of [Ca2+]i, the following results were obtained: the effect of TRH to decrease the level of PtdIns(4,5)P2 was not reproduced by the calcium ionophore A23187 or by membrane depolarization with 50 mM K+; the calcium antagonist TMB-8 did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2; and, most importantly, inhibition by EGTA of the elevation of [Ca2+]i did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2.
(4) In K+-depolarized basilar arteries, ifenprodil competitively antagonized the response to Ca2+, and this was enhanced by pre-incubation in calcium hopantenate.
(5) For dental procedures requiring tracheal intubation, one could perhaps use non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, like pancuronium, with reversal at the end of the procedure.
(6) Propranolol, 0.85 X 10(-6) M, did not significantly depress the ouabain-enhanced rate of phase 4 depolarization but did attenuate the response to epinephrine through beta blockade.
(7) The decrease in cardiac performance observed during ventricular pacing was related to the severity of asynchrony rather than the direction of the ventricular depolarization or change in regional myocardial tension.
(8) In the absence of external chloride changing the external potassium concentration from 2.8 mM to potassium-free caused a depolarization of the membrane of about 30 mV and a small increase in membrane resistance.
(9) Detailed voltage-clamp measurements revealed that ABA-activated ion currents could be reversed by depolarizations more positive than -10 mV.
(10) The analysis suggests that the wave-peak discharge results from synchronous alternation of depolarization potentials and long periods of postsynaptic inhibition in most of the cortical elements.
(11) Using the rate coefficient values found by SCoPfit, we simulated a voltage-clamp experiment with both models running under their Na(+)-Na+ exchange mode, and we computed the transient currents generated following voltage steps in both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing directions from a basic potential of -40 mV.
(12) Stepwise depolarizations from the holding potential (-67 to -83 mV) to a potential which varied from -10 to +63 mV resulted in an exponential decline of h from its initial level to a final, non-zero level.
(13) In the whole-cell current-clamp method, the cell membrane was depolarized by endothelin and then repolarized by nicorandil.
(14) Anthopleurin-A produced two distinct responses in crayfish giant axons: depolarization and prolongation of action potentials.
(15) Diltiazem also produced a slight decrease of both the steady-state current during depolarization and the tail current after repolarization in these concentration ranges, while the hyperpolarization activated current (Ih) was not affected significantly.
(16) Furthermore, it explains rapid termination of release after depolarization, even though Ca2+ concentration may still be high.
(17) Depolarizations induced by acetyl-Arg6-septide, a NK1-receptor selective agonist, were also antagonized by spantide with a pA2 of 6.5.
(18) This response seemed to be triggered mainly by the influx of Ca2+ through L-type Ca2+ channel activated by membrane depolarization, which was caused by the ATP-induced inward current.
(19) When the concentration of Ca2+ in the medium was raised to 10 mM was the only extracellular divalent cation present, the depolarization in response to A23187 was increased to 11-8 mV.
(20) Generally, more distant neurones (500-1300 microns) were excited for variable periods of time (3-15 min), while neurones in the vicinity of the injection site (0-500 microns) showed, after a brief period of excitation time, a long-lasting (up to 30 min) decrease in excitability or silencing of discharge, probably due to a depolarizing block and disturbances in the ionic composition of the extracellular space.
Electrolyte
Definition:
(n.) A compound decomposable, or subjected to decomposition, by an electric current.
Example Sentences:
(1) The significance of minor increases in the serum creatinine level must be recognized, so that modifications of drug therapy can be made and correction of possibly life-threatening electrolyte imbalances can be undertaken.
(2) Postpartum management is directed toward decreasing vasospasm and central nervous system irritability and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.
(3) The amount of water, creatinine, electrolytes, proteins, and enzymes were higher during the day (up to three fold, p always less than 0.05), while equal amounts of amino acids were excreted in the day and the night period.
(4) Blood acid-base status, serum electrolytes, and urine pH were examined in 64 infants and children with phenylketonuria (PKU) treated with three different low phenylalanine protein hydrolyzates (Aponti, Cymogran, AlbumaidXP) and two synthetic amino acid mixtures (Aminogran, PAM).
(5) The contents of magnesium, potassium and zinc plasma did not correlate with the corresponding concentrations in skeletal muscle or circulating blood cells, as investigated in healthy controls, diabetics and in all subjects together, implying that the plasma concentrations are not useful in the assessment of electrolyte status.
(6) Cholera toxin reduced absorption of water and electrolytes progressively over four hours and induced secretion in a dose dependent fashion.
(7) Opiate agonists and endogenous opioid peptides inhibit electrolyte secretion both in vitro and in vivo.
(8) Chronic exposure of epithelial cells to the lysate mediator preparation, followed by washing, had no effect on their basal electrical or electrolyte-transporting properties.
(9) The channels studied here were more selective for monovalent cations than anions, but also showed some permeability to anions and larger electrolytes, suggesting a large functional pore diameter.
(10) An oral glucose electrolyte solution is often used in place of intravenous therapy in diarrheal diseases caused by Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic E. coli, and undiagnosed watery diarrheal diseases.
(11) Disturbances in muscle electrolytes play an important role in the development of muscular fatigue.
(12) Traditional dietary preparations for diarrhea such as carrot soup and products based on rice have essentially an absorbent power and do not diminish intestinal loss of water and electrolytes.
(13) The results of electrolytic labelling of albumin, the kinetic curve on the antigen-antibody reaction and the cross reactivity of the anti-albumin antiserum with alpha 1 antitrypsin are reported.
(14) Diuretics may, however, be hazardous because of their effects on electrolytes-notably potassium-thereby increasing the risk of arrhythmias.
(15) After the initiation of parenteral therapy and the adequate replacement of fluids and electrolytes, slow introduction of oral or enteric feeding is reasonable.
(16) YM-09730-5 produced significant diuresis and increased urinary excretion of electrolytes throughout the experiment.
(17) Our failure to understand kidney function in the neonate does not justify shifting the blame for unwanted disturbances in fluid and electrolyte balance, metabolic acidosis, and azotemia to a small kidney.
(18) No abnormalities in serum electrolytes, acid-base balance or renal function were observed during follow-up periods of 8-16 months.
(19) There was no evidence of either myocardial infarction, abnormal electrolyte state, or digitalis intoxication.
(20) Colonic cleansing was better with polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage (90 percent optimal cleansing vs. 75 percent).