(n.) The act or process of devitrifying, or the state of being devitrified. Specifically, the conversion of molten glassy matter into a stony mass by slow cooling, the result being the formation of crystallites, microbites, etc., in the glassy base, which are then called devitrification products.
Example Sentences:
(1) This suggests that the devitrification occurring during the use of these materials in high-temperature environments will not necessarily enhance their adverse biological activities despite the production of one phase of crystalline silica.
(2) Devitrification (ice formation during warming) is one of the primary obstacles to successful organ vitrification (solidification without ice formation).
(3) The fibres were examined in the 'as-manufactured' state and after heating at 1200 and 1400 degrees C. Devitrification of the fibres at 1200 degrees C probably gave mullite crystals on the surface and caused the formation of the high-temperature form of cristobalite and, in zirconia grade fibres, the high-temperature, tetragonal form of zirconia as well.
(4) The highest heating rates we observed using catheters occurred at temperatures ranging from about -70 to -40 degrees C, the temperature zone where devitrification usually appears in unstable solutions during slow warming.
(5) Biological data showed that this devitrification was associated with severe loss of cell function.
(6) This, together with the RGA results, suggests the absence of devitrification or ice crystal growth during the drying procedure.
(7) Of particular note is the anomalous shift in devitrification temperature (Td) to lower temperatures following increased time of annealing at sub-Tg temperatures.
(8) The purpose of the present studies was to define the devitrification process: to determine nucleation rates, ice-crystal growth rates, and the distribution of ice-crystal size and to evaluate the applicability of existing quantitative models of these processes which have successfully approximated the behavior of other aqueous systems.
(9) Very high rates of survival (77-89%) of oocytes exposed to the cryoprotectant media, but without the vitrification, together with extreme variability in results between straws in the vitrified groups, suggest that losses in viability during vitrification may result from ice damage during devitrification of the medium.
(10) Devitrification is a major problem which must be overcome for successful organ cryopreservation.
(11) However, if these cell suspensions were warmed rapidly to -70 degrees C and then held for 5 min, allowing devitrification to occur, the preparation contained significant amounts of both intra- and extracellular ice.
(12) Results obtained indicate that drying is complete below the devitrification temperature of amorphous phase tissue water.
(13) It appears that it should be possible to warm vitrified rabbit kidneys rapidly enough under high-pressure conditions to protect them from devitrification.
(14) As a result of these studies we concluded that: intracellular freezing is lethal, but avoidance of freezing during fast cooling is not sufficient to provide complete protection; a subtle freezing injury in the cryoprotected monocytes can be correlated with a measurable increase in devitrification on warming; and the cell contents form more stable glasses than the Hanks' balanced salt solution with fetal calf serum used as the extracellular medium.
(15) In both cases, high survival requires that subsequent warming be rapid, to prevent recrystallization or devitrification.
(16) A systematic study of the errors of low-temperature recording of kinetics of the cytochrome oxidase-CO reaction had identified the classic devitrification process of Keilin & Hartree [(1950) Nature (London)165, 504-505].
(17) Devitrification can be initiated on fracture planes and on bubbles, but the focus of attention here is on devitrification by ordinary heterogeneous and homogeneous mechanisms, which are the most relevant for organ preservation by vitrification.
(18) An apparatus has been produced that can remove amorphous phase tissue water via molecular distillation without devitrification or rehydration.
(19) Whether corneas can be cooled fast enough in these solutions to achieve vitrification and warmed fast enough to avoid devitrification remains to be determined.
(20) Glass transitions, devitrification, recrystallization and melting behaviour of aqueous solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxyethyl starch and dextran have been established.
Molten
Definition:
(p. p.) of Melt
(a.) Melted; being in a state of fusion, esp. when the liquid state is produced by a high degree of heat; as, molten iron.
(a.) Made by melting and casting the substance or metal of which the thing is formed; as, a molten image.
Example Sentences:
(1) In this study of ten consecutive patients sustaining molten metal injuries to the lower extremity who were treated with excision and grafting, treatment with compression Unna paste boot was compared with that with conventional dressing.
(2) These flaws were controlled by cooling the metal mold assembly and the cast immediately after the pouring of the molten cerrobend alloy, evenly with water.
(3) Multiparametric kinetic study of bovine alpha-lactalbumin renaturation from the unfolded state has shown the existence of an intermediate which is formed within 10(-2) s with properties close to those of the molten globule.
(4) Bacteriocin producer strains were grown (37degrees C) anaerobically on brain heart infusion-yeast extract agar for 18 h. Bacteriocin indicator strains were suspended to molten brain heart infusion-yeast extract agar and then overlayed onto the producer strain.
(5) The changes of T1 and T2 were treated based on the assumption of two types of molecular motions: (1) isotropic "slow" motions with times approximately greater than 10(-8) s (including the rotation of a molecule as a whole) and (2) anisotropic "fast" motions with times approximately less than 10(-10) s. Experimental data show an essential increase of the scale of intramolecular mobility for the majority of side groups upon transition of the protein from the native to the molten globule state.
(6) Disks cut from each device were attached to the sawed-off ends of 10 ml syringes and dipped in a beaker containing either butoconazole nitrate cream or a molten wax insert.
(7) This model predicted that PEG enhanced refolding of CAB occurred by a specific interaction of PEG with the molten globule first intermediate to form a nonassociating complex which continued to fold at the same rate as the first intermediate.
(8) The following regimes are outlined: 1. the "wet" molten globule, i.e., the compact state with pores occupied by solvent; 2. the swollen globule ("wet," of course); and 3. the coil.
(9) The theory also predicts two populations of denatured species, one open and the other more compact, with densities in the range found experimentally for molten globular states.
(10) The model implies that protein folds by stage mechanism (secondary structure - molten) globule state - native state) in such a way that the results of previous stages are not reconsidered in subsequent ones.
(11) The molten globule has been assumed to be a major intermediate state of protein folding.
(12) We have, using fluorescence and fluorescence quenching, studied the molten globule state of bovine alpha-lactalbumin.
(13) The machine can make decimal dilutions of bacterial suspensions, dispense measured amounts into petri dishes, add molten agar, mix the dish contents, and label the dishes with sample and dilution numbers at the rate of 2,000 dishes per 8-hr day.
(14) These results are discussed in view of the molten globule structure of proteins.
(15) More challenging by far will be digging out the molten cores in the reactors themselves.
(16) When the molten surface of the earth solidified over 4 X 10(9) years ago the quantity of phosphorus to be contained in the storehouse of the new planet had already been resolved.
(17) The source of contamination was sought and it was found that the stone of the mill had been repaired with molten lead on the same day that the wheat of the family had been ground; while grinding the wheat some lead was mixed into the flour.
(18) This alternatively folded state exhibits certain characteristics of the molten globule but differs distinctly from it by its extraordinary structural stability that is characteristic for native protein structures.
(19) Molten metal burns of the feet remain a common injury to foundry workers.
(20) Updated at 8.09pm GMT 8.06pm GMT Falcons 20 - Seahawks 7, 2:20 3rd quarter Gonzalez is a hill of molten lava - get off him!