(1) The antinociceptive activity of the propionyl homologues of 3-O- and 6-O-acetyl- and 3,6-O-diacetylmorphine was re-investigated using materials of unequivocally established structure.
(2) Diacetylmorphine was hydrolyzed twice as rapidly in blood as in serum.
(3) Plasma morphine concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay because of the rapid conversion of diacetylmorphine to morphine in plasma; repeated blood samples were obtained the first 30 min after injection into the epidural space.
(4) The hepatic extraction of morphine (1.5 mg) was 25%, of diacetylmorphine (1.5 mg) 59%, and of meperidine (1.5 mg) 66% in a single pass, all significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than that of methadone.
(5) Mice were exposed to diacetylmorphine (heroin) or phencyclidine (PCP) prenatally or neonatally.
(6) Significantly lower plasma morphine levels occurred between 3 and 20 min when epinephrine was added to diacetylmorphine.
(7) Other drugs have been less extensively investigated than aspirin and these include heroin (diacetylmorphine), suxamethonium (succinylcholine), clofibrate, carbimazole, procaine and other local anaesthetics.
(8) The abuse of heroin (diacetylmorphine) in Singapore escalated sharply in 1975 and 1976, as indicated by the 35-fold increase in the number of heroin seizures and the 20-fold increase in the urine samples containing morphine since 1974.
(9) A total of 14 substances: 8 opiates (morphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, diacetylmorphine, codeine, acetylcodeine, noscapine, papaverine and thebaine) and 6 adulterants (ephedrine, quinine, methadone, caffeine, cocaine and strychnine) were used as test samples for this research.
(10) Species differences in the rate of conversion of diacetylmorphine to monacetylmorphine in vitro in blood are also presented.
(11) From the 140 illicit heroin samples analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, 61% had a diacetylmorphine content between 30 and 48%.
(12) The content of morphine, codeine and acetyl products and the ratios of morphine to codeine and heroin to acetylcodeine obtained from opium samples of known origin as well as the content of heroin (diacetylmorphine) and acetylcodeine and their ratios in illicit heroin samples that have been found to belong to the same source of supply as the known opium samples are used as the basic criteria for a comparison to determine the origin of illicit heroin samples.
(13) Epinephrine reduced absorption of diacetylmorphine from the extradural site by at least 55% over the first 30 min.
(14) The number of abnormal fetuses from females injected with diacetylmorphine (heroin), thebaine, phenazocine, pentazocine, propoxyphene, and methadone increased as the maternal dose of the compounds was increased.
(15) The derivatives, acetylcodeine, diacetylmorphine, and diacetylnalorphine were stable at room temperature for 72 hr.
(16) Comparative studies of single and multiple maternal doses indicated that diacetylmorphine (heroin) and methadone produced a four- to sixfold increase in fetal anomalies with repetitive doses whereas the percentage of malformed fetuses remained the same with hydromorphone (Dilaudid).
(17) 1 Venous blood was obtained from patients with far-advanced cancer receiving either diamorphine (diacetylmorphine, heroin) hydrochloride (65 samples) or morphine sulphate (24 samples) regularly by mouth in doses from 2.5 mg to 90 mg every 4 h. 2 Samples were obtained within 30 min of the 09.00 h drug round.
(18) Infusions with an equianalgesic dose of diacetylmorphine were well tolerated, without local or systemic side-effects, and prolonged the duration of infusion sites.
(19) By this method, d,l-methadone can be assayed in the presence of its metabolites, morphine, diacetylmorphine (heroin), codeine, and cocaine; however, amphetamine, meperidine, and quinine interfere.
(20) Morphine, diacetylmorphine and the narcotic antagonist naloxone produced a considerably weaker inhibitory effect.
Diamorphine
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Two of the subjects found diamorphine acted quicker than morphine, one found no difference and nine found that morphine was quicker than diamorphine.
(2) The duration of initial analgesia from diamorphine was 101 min (range 30-170 min).
(3) Factors affecting the disposition of extradurally administered diamorphine are discussed.
(4) We conclude that epidural diamorphine is a suitable technique to use in scoliosis surgery because of its lack of effect on neurophysiological variables, although the potential respiratory problems need investigation.
(5) The results suggest that the currently used dosing regimen of diamorphine achieves a safe and effective morphine concentration in the premature newborn but that the loading dose could be modified to achieve a more rapid onset of analgesia.
(6) The predominant effect of morphine, diamorphine, pethidine or nalorphine on the blood pressure of the anaesthetized cat or rabbit is hypotension although, occasionally, a pressor action may predominate or intervene.2.
(7) The mean (SD) pain score on recovery from general anaesthesia, on a scale of 0-4, was 2.9 (1.2) for the ketamine group and 1.0 (1.0) for the diamorphine group (p less than 0.01).
(8) At pH 4.0 and 5.6 diamorphine had a half-life of greater than 14 days at all temperatures but at alkaline pH diamorphine was rapidly deacetylated.
(9) Diamorphine and insulin had the highest adverse reaction rates, diamorphine having the highest risk of a severe adverse reaction.
(10) The group using patient-controlled analgesia received more diamorphine and suffered a greater incidence of emetic sequelae (P < 0.05).
(11) The pharmacokinetics of morphine were studied in 26 newborn premature neonates (26-38 weeks gestational age) who were given a loading dose of 50 micrograms kg-1 of diamorphine followed by an intravenous infusion of 15 micrograms kg-1 h-1 of diamorphine.
(12) A randomised double-blind controlled trial of equivalent doses of buprenorphine and diamorphine showed no significant difference between the drugs in terms of pain relief and duration of action.
(13) A total of 141 patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of suspected myocardial infarction were randomized to treatment with intravenous diamorphine (71) or nalbuphine (70).
(14) The effect of fentanyl, meperidine and diamorphine on A- and C-fiber conduction in an in vitro rabbit vagus nerve preparation was examined.
(15) Midazolam mixed in the same syringe as diamorphine was well tolerated at injection sites.
(16) In a randomized double-blind study the effect of the addition of adrenaline to extradural diamorphine was assessed in 54 patients after Caesarean section.
(17) The diamorphine group had better analgesia than the control group for the first 24 hours postoperatively.
(18) Fifty patients received 0.25% bupivacaine 10 ml via the epidural catheter as their initial dose; patients in Group 1 received diamorphine 5 mg with the bupivacaine.
(19) The median time from symptom onset to treatment was 135 minutes for the nalbuphine group and 125 minutes for the diamorphine group.
(20) Two cases of severe respiratory depression complicating epidural diamorphine administration are reported.