(1) Clinical phoneticians and speech pathologists have increasingly felt the need for a transcription system that allows the symbolization of nonnormal articulations (i.e., those not found within the range of any normal language, and so missing from the IPA or other transcription systems).
(2) In this study some isolated vowels, most of them similar to vowels in standard French, were produced in ten random orders by an experienced phonetician.
(3) This accuracy is determined with respect to the perceptual moment of occurrence of a vowel onset as determined by a phonetician.
(4) This experiment has now been replicated using natural speech produced by a phonetician using two different overall settings of the vocal tract.