What's the difference between diaphragm and phrenic?
Diaphragm
Definition:
(n.) A dividing membrane or thin partition, commonly with an opening through it.
(n.) The muscular and tendinous partition separating the cavity of the chest from that of the abdomen; the midriff.
(n.) A calcareous plate which divides the cavity of certain shells into two parts.
(n.) A plate with an opening, which is generally circular, used in instruments to cut off marginal portions of a beam of light, as at the focus of a telescope.
(n.) A partition in any compartment, for various purposes.
Example Sentences:
(1) These results indicate that diaphragmed fenestrae are inducible structures, and provide an opportunity to study them in vitro.
(2) We conclude that, whereas an identical protocol of acute ND had no significant effects on diaphragm muscle structure and function in adult rats, adolescent animals exhibit significantly less nutritional reserve.
(3) Incubation of I diaphragms with isoproterenol did not significantly increase the concentrations of AMP, IMP or inorganic phosphate, activators of phosphorylase beta activity, nor was there a decrease in ATP and glucose 6-phosphate content, allosteric inhibitors of phosphorylase beta activity.
(4) Respiratory muscle endurance at a given level of load was assessed from the time of exhaustion and from the time course of the change in the power spectrum (centroid frequency) of the diaphragm electromyogram (EMG).
(5) A compensator connected to the section consisting of the pump-main line-operating member and including a pneumatic resistance and a flaxid non-elastic container enables it in combination with the feedback to maintain through the volumetric displacement of the gas, or changing the pump diaphragm position, the stability of the gas volume in the pneumatic transmission element of the assisted circulation apparatus.
(6) However, we have observed cracks on the Dacron fibers, fiber fracture, fiber protrusion, and poor attachment to the diaphragm, which can cause potentially disastrous complications.
(7) In normal kidneys fixed by perfusion with tannic acid and glutaraldehyde, glomerular slit diaphragms have been reported to consist of highly ordered and isoporous substructures with a zipper-like configuration.
(8) Apart from the interposition of the colon between the liver and the diaphragm, no other pathological changes were found.
(9) Focus in this discussion is on the following: 1) female sterilization -- laparotomy, minilaparotomy, and colpotomy; endoscopic sterilization techniques; transcervical approaches to female sterilization; systemic nonsurgical female sterilization; and reversible techniques of female sterilization; 2) abortion -- pregnancy testing, long-term effects; and 3) systemic contraceptives -- steroidal contraception; locally active methods; vaginal foams, creams, and jellies; the diaphragm and other intravaginal barriers; IUDs; and periodic abstine nce.
(10) During the period of 1959 to 1975 34 patients were operated at the Chirurgische Universitatsklinik Koln-Lindenthal because of lesions of the diaphragm.
(11) Neutral dextran clearances for radii greater than 30 A were elevated during the PEAK period, and, concurrently, there was extensive intraglomerular microthrombosis, obliteration of foot processes, and disruption of filtration slit diaphragms.
(12) Twenty-three percent employed no birth control and 27 percent used diaphragms, the majority either inconsistently or incorrectly.
(13) These results demonstrate that a difference in myosin heavy chain isoforms and oxidative capacity exists between the costal and crural regions of the rat diaphragm.
(14) Here a diaphragm support breath pattern was used in voice therapy for patients with vocal nodules, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, and incomplete glottal closure.
(15) In hyperoxia, hypercapnic acidosis (pH 7.06-6.63) depressed diaphragm pHi and TT, whereas hypocapnic alkalosis (pH 7.82-8.15) increased pHi but did not significantly affect TT.
(16) We observed a 30-45% increase in DAG in rat gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles, 5-15 min after intramuscular or intravenous injections of 1-3 U of insulin per rat, doses which would be expected to activate insulin receptors more fully.
(17) Reductions in periesophageal EMG activity during expulsion were similar before and after cervical vagotomy, which abolishes reflex relaxation of the periesophageal diaphragm following esophageal distension.
(18) We studied 10 preterm infants who had no evidence of lung disease, investigating the effect of chest wall distortion on the volume displacement and work of the diaphragm.
(19) Two clear groups of patients were identified after measurements of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies and MEPP amplitude recorded in the diaphragm of mice injected with sera from those patients.
(20) The autonomous-visceral pathology observed in cases of cervical injuries can be attributed to the direct effect of the trauma upon the segmental innervation appratus of the heart, diaphragm, thorax.
Phrenic
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the diaphragm; diaphragmatic; as, the phrenic nerve.
Example Sentences:
(1) The rabbits were either breathing spontaneously or were ventilated by a phrenic nerve-controlled servorespirator without the use of muscle relaxants.
(2) Respiration-related neurons were classified with respect to the correlation of their activity with the activity of the phrenic nerve: phase-bound inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) neurones and phase-spanning expiratory-inspiratory and inspiratory-expiratory neurones were discriminated.
(3) In these conditions the changes of the phrenic activity were weak and inconsistent.
(4) We reached the following conclusions: The incidence of operative phrenic nerve injury in infants undergoing lateral thoracotomy, particularly for Blalock-Taussig shunt, is higher than generally appreciated; plication is a safe procedure as performed by either an abdominal or thoracic approach; failure to achieve extubation within a week of plication is an ominous prognostic sign; mortality in patients with eventration in the presence of major associated conditions may be high despite plication.
(5) In both preparation types, phrenic discharges are highly correlated to the extensor activities.
(6) To examine the effects of focally cooling three areas (rostral, intermediate, and caudal) of the ventral medullary surface (VMS) on respiratory oscillations in cervical sympathetic and phrenic nerve activity, 12 cats were anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated with 7% CO2 in O2.
(7) Spontaneously breathing dogs (either decerebrate or anesthetized) were used for studying the effects of vagotomy on the integrated phrenic neurogram.
(8) Both types of stimuli caused inhibition of phrenic activity and facilitation of internal intercostal nerve activity, indicating expiratory effort.
(9) Postoperatively, 12 cases of miosis and one of asymptomatic phrenic nerve palsy were observed, but there were no serious complications.
(10) We reduced the duration and intensity (i.e., integrated peak height) of phrenic nerve discharge for single cycles by stimulating the cut central end of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) during the central inspiratory phase (75 microA, 20-50 Hz, 0.2-ms pulse).
(11) This finding suggests that the activity of phrenic motoneurons is directly affected by serotonergic neurons.
(12) We determined whether or not administrations of aminophylline would produce differential changes in activities of the hypoglossal nerve and the mylohyoid branch of the trigeminal nerve, compared with phrenic nerve activity.
(13) Inspiration can be produced with stimuli applied to electrodes placed bilaterally at the base of the neck, over the phrenic nerve motor points.
(14) The ventral subclavius, which was observed for the first time, was discovered to issue, together with the pectoral and the accessory phrenic nerves, from the superior and middle trunks of the brachial plexus.
(15) Eighteen children sustained unilateral phrenic nerve paralysis (PNP) after cardiac surgical procedures.
(16) Phrenic paresis is transient and of no clinical significance except when bilateral.
(17) The populations of cells labelled following phrenic and thoracic injections overlapped, primarily at the lateral edge of the cruciate sulcus.
(18) We also discuss the interpretation of these results if some of the facilitation occurs at the phrenic motoneurone.
(19) The short-latency response of phrenic nerve activity was biphasic, a decrease followed by an increase in activity; the response of hypoglossal nerve activity was monophasic, a transient increase in activity.
(20) The influence of respiratory-induced acid-base changes on the action of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants was investigated using the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation.