(n.) The interbrain or thalamencephalon; -- sometimes abbreviated to dien. See Thalamencephalon.
Example Sentences:
(1) The data show, at an early stage of development (primary cultures, 8-10 days), a modulation of VIP- or forskolin-cyclic AMP response by the activators of protein kinase C, i.e., PMA and OAG, in two different structures of the central nervous system: the cerebral cortex and the diencephalon.
(2) The major cerebral lobes, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, cerebellar tonsils, and spinal cord were studied.
(3) Effects of noxious electrical tooth stimulations and intraarterial administration of bradykinin or inhalation of volatile anesthetics on substance P content in the diencephalon-mesencephalon, pons-medulla and the spinal cord were examined in the rat.
(4) The activity of glycerophosphorylcholine phosphodiesterases was determined in the mesencephalon, diencephalon, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and olfactory bulb during postnatal development from P5 to P70 of rat brain.
(5) On the vertebral angiogram, displacement of these vessels is a sign of corresponding displacement of the temporal horn, which in turn is an indication of a mass involving the temporal lobe, diencephalon, or midbrain.
(6) See-saw nystagmus has been seen with tumors of the parasellar region and diencephalon, brain-stem vascular lesions, syringobulbia, and after trauma.
(7) Levels of acetylcholine were significantly elevated in the telencephalon and diencephalon + mesencephalon of rats killed by near-freezing during conditioned suppression of food-reinforced lever pressing, whereas levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine were not altered.
(8) Although the general distribution of CA cell bodies in human diencephalon observed in the present study is similar to that in other mammals, there are some significant differences.
(9) On Northern analysis, the probe identified a single species of mRNA of approximately 2.9 kb, present at highest levels in the striatum but also found in the brainstem, neocortex and diencephalon.
(10) The present study has demonstrated a much wider and more abundant distribution of NPYI structures in the forebrain and diencephalon than earlier studies in which antisera against avian pancreatic polypeptide or bovine pancreatic polypeptide were used, suggesting that NPY is involved in a variety of brain functions.
(11) The analgesic effect of cyclazocine microinjected into the diencephalon of rats was studied by using the bradykinin-induced flexor reflex test.
(12) ACh levels in the cortex, corpus striatum, midbrain, diencephalon and brainstem of TD rats were comparable to those observed in the control groups.
(13) Moreover, the presence of 5HT- and OX-immunoreactive processes in contiguity with medullary CA cells that send fibers to the diencephalon indicates that the raphe nuclei and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus can directly influence ascending pathways that are known to innervate the hypothalamus and appear to effect changes in vasopressin release.
(14) Recently, cerebellar and retinal connections of the diencephalon in mormyrids were reported.
(15) This paper reports a study of the development of cells that project to the retina from the telencephalic nucleus olfactoretinalis and the diencephalon.
(16) Rats after adrenalectomy-testectomy showed a gradual increase in diencephalon 3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid: (acceptor) delta4-oxidoreductase (5 alpha-reductase) activity for 3 days.
(17) The results indicate that neurons in several distinct areas of the caudal diencephalon and brainstem are both immunocytochemically labeled for GABA and retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase.
(18) Retinae from embryonic mice were transplanted to the occipital cortex of neonatal rats together with their normal target regions, tectum or diencephalon, from embryonic mice or rats.
(19) Glycine receptors were concentrated in the lower brainstem, whereas no immunoreactivity was observed in the diencephalon and forebrain except in a few diencephalic nuclei.
(20) The current study used light microscopic immunocytochemistry to demonstrate and compare neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-IR) in the diencephalon of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) at different stages in its annual cycle of activity and hibernation.
Mesencephalon
Definition:
(n.) The middle segment of the brain; the midbrain. Sometimes abbreviated to mesen. See Brain.
Example Sentences:
(1) 5-HT containing terminals and fibers also were observed in the mesencephalon and appeared to run rostrally in the medial part of the medial forebrain bundle.
(2) Effects of noxious electrical tooth stimulations and intraarterial administration of bradykinin or inhalation of volatile anesthetics on substance P content in the diencephalon-mesencephalon, pons-medulla and the spinal cord were examined in the rat.
(3) In order to study the interactions between serotonergic mechanism and electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic central gray substance, rats were trained to lever-press for terminating aversive electric stimuli applied at the Periaqueductal gray and adjoining tectum of the mesencephalon.
(4) The activity of glycerophosphorylcholine phosphodiesterases was determined in the mesencephalon, diencephalon, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and olfactory bulb during postnatal development from P5 to P70 of rat brain.
(5) In addition, these amines caused a concurrent change in the release of ACh at perfusion loci in both thalamus and mesencephalon.
(6) Levels of acetylcholine were significantly elevated in the telencephalon and diencephalon + mesencephalon of rats killed by near-freezing during conditioned suppression of food-reinforced lever pressing, whereas levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine were not altered.
(7) The onset of convulsions induced by these convulsants coincides with the fall in GABA content and GAD activity in the mesencephalon area, and in contrast, the cessation of the convulsions by PN supplement coincides with the recovery in both the parameters.
(8) However, a later component of the Cnf-AEP whose generation locus within the mesencephalon is unknown was modulated by bf stimulation.
(9) Six hours after treatment with AOAA the GABA levels in the cerebellum, the cortex, the ventral mesencephalon and the striatum.
(10) Responses of substantia nigra zona compacta neurons to nomifensine and amantadine were studied with intracellular recording techniques (current and voltage clamp) in in vitro slice preparation of rat mesencephalon.
(11) These results describe a novel neurochemical system within the rat basal ganglia that is regulated by dopaminergic innervation from the mesencephalon.
(12) The left vertebral angiography revealed an anteriovenous malformation in the mesencephalon mainly feeded by the thalamoperforate artery and the medial branch of the posterior choroidal artery.
(13) (1) In 27 animals microinjection of 25--100 ng of angiotensin II through chronic cannulae implanted in the preoptic region initiated drinking and in subsequent acute experiments influenced the spontaneous discharge rate of single neurons in the ipsi-lateral mesencephalon.
(14) Into the second week of embryo growth (E7-E15), GABA appears in the mesencephalon (E7) and the eye (E9-E10).
(15) Behavioral augmentation also has been shown with opioids such as morphine, and it is known that a stimulant action on dopaminergic perikarya in the ventromedial mesencephalon is critical to the development of behavioral sensitization to morphine.
(16) Since EKC- and NANM-induced cardiovascular and respiratory depression were not observed in conscious intact or chronic spinal dog, it is suggested that: 1) kappaergic system rostral to mesencephalon may play a role in counteracting these depressant effects of EKC; 2) sigma receptor-mediated tachypnea and tachycardia are dissociable; the tachypneic effect may be mediated through higher center while the medulla oblongata is involved in producing tachycardia.
(17) Critical points of changing axial orientation were identified at the mesencephalon, the Rathke pouch and third branchial arch, and with the hepato-cardio-respiratory complex split between the 2 axes.
(18) The local cerebral blood flow and oxygen tension in the brain cortex, the reticular formation of the mesencephalon and the posterior hypothalamus were studied in chronic experiments in non-anesthetized rabbits with experimentally induced myocardial infarction.
(19) The variation was in the order leptomeninges greater than hypothalamus greater than cerebral cortex = mesencephalon greater than cerebellum = brain stem.
(20) In the present work, using the indirect peroxidase-labelled antibody technique, we made a comparative study about the distribution of Met-enkephalin-like-immunoreactive (ELI)-cell bodies in rat mesencephalon; comparing animals that received colchicine into the lateral ventricle and animals that got the colchicine injected into different cerebral nuclei.