What's the difference between diencephalon and neuraxis?
Diencephalon
Definition:
(n.) The interbrain or thalamencephalon; -- sometimes abbreviated to dien. See Thalamencephalon.
Example Sentences:
(1) The data show, at an early stage of development (primary cultures, 8-10 days), a modulation of VIP- or forskolin-cyclic AMP response by the activators of protein kinase C, i.e., PMA and OAG, in two different structures of the central nervous system: the cerebral cortex and the diencephalon.
(2) The major cerebral lobes, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, cerebellar tonsils, and spinal cord were studied.
(3) Effects of noxious electrical tooth stimulations and intraarterial administration of bradykinin or inhalation of volatile anesthetics on substance P content in the diencephalon-mesencephalon, pons-medulla and the spinal cord were examined in the rat.
(4) The activity of glycerophosphorylcholine phosphodiesterases was determined in the mesencephalon, diencephalon, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and olfactory bulb during postnatal development from P5 to P70 of rat brain.
(5) On the vertebral angiogram, displacement of these vessels is a sign of corresponding displacement of the temporal horn, which in turn is an indication of a mass involving the temporal lobe, diencephalon, or midbrain.
(6) See-saw nystagmus has been seen with tumors of the parasellar region and diencephalon, brain-stem vascular lesions, syringobulbia, and after trauma.
(7) Levels of acetylcholine were significantly elevated in the telencephalon and diencephalon + mesencephalon of rats killed by near-freezing during conditioned suppression of food-reinforced lever pressing, whereas levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine were not altered.
(8) Although the general distribution of CA cell bodies in human diencephalon observed in the present study is similar to that in other mammals, there are some significant differences.
(9) On Northern analysis, the probe identified a single species of mRNA of approximately 2.9 kb, present at highest levels in the striatum but also found in the brainstem, neocortex and diencephalon.
(10) The present study has demonstrated a much wider and more abundant distribution of NPYI structures in the forebrain and diencephalon than earlier studies in which antisera against avian pancreatic polypeptide or bovine pancreatic polypeptide were used, suggesting that NPY is involved in a variety of brain functions.
(11) The analgesic effect of cyclazocine microinjected into the diencephalon of rats was studied by using the bradykinin-induced flexor reflex test.
(12) ACh levels in the cortex, corpus striatum, midbrain, diencephalon and brainstem of TD rats were comparable to those observed in the control groups.
(13) Moreover, the presence of 5HT- and OX-immunoreactive processes in contiguity with medullary CA cells that send fibers to the diencephalon indicates that the raphe nuclei and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus can directly influence ascending pathways that are known to innervate the hypothalamus and appear to effect changes in vasopressin release.
(14) Recently, cerebellar and retinal connections of the diencephalon in mormyrids were reported.
(15) This paper reports a study of the development of cells that project to the retina from the telencephalic nucleus olfactoretinalis and the diencephalon.
(16) Rats after adrenalectomy-testectomy showed a gradual increase in diencephalon 3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid: (acceptor) delta4-oxidoreductase (5 alpha-reductase) activity for 3 days.
(17) The results indicate that neurons in several distinct areas of the caudal diencephalon and brainstem are both immunocytochemically labeled for GABA and retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase.
(18) Retinae from embryonic mice were transplanted to the occipital cortex of neonatal rats together with their normal target regions, tectum or diencephalon, from embryonic mice or rats.
(19) Glycine receptors were concentrated in the lower brainstem, whereas no immunoreactivity was observed in the diencephalon and forebrain except in a few diencephalic nuclei.
(20) The current study used light microscopic immunocytochemistry to demonstrate and compare neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-IR) in the diencephalon of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) at different stages in its annual cycle of activity and hibernation.
Neuraxis
Definition:
(n.) See Axis cylinder, under Axis.
Example Sentences:
(1) These cases show that an examination of the whole neuraxis is as important in patients with midline posterior fossa cysts as it is in patients with developmental syringomyelia or Chiari I malformation.
(2) This lower radiation dose to the neuraxis was used to avoid late adverse effects upon the growing central nervous system of the children.
(3) A 13-year-old boy developed widespread osteoblastic bone metastases, with dissemination throughout the neuraxis, 1 year following treatment of a differentiated (Kernohan and Sayre grade II) astrocytoma of the left parietal cortex.
(4) Furthermore it appears that neither the level of the lesion along the neuraxis nor concomitant injury to the medial lemniscal pathways is crucial for the development of CPSP.
(5) Choroid plexus papilloma is a rare intracerebral neoplasm that occasionally disseminates along the neuraxis.
(6) The lack of scratching and paw shaking during the first 3 postnatal weeks and the adult-like EMG patterns at onset are consistent with the hypothesis that pattern-generating circuits within lumbosacral segments are available early in development but inhibited by the rostral neuraxis until postural control is sufficient to accommodate the response.
(7) Although the authors agree with the doses used to treat the posterior fossa, the current doses recommended to eradicate the microscopic disease in the rest of the neuroaxis appear excessive; a lesser dose can be as effective and may decrease the rate and severity of complications.The authors believe that there is enough evidence to initiate a randomized, multi-institutional clinical trial using 20 to 25 Gy to the neuraxis (other than the posterior fossa) in one of the arms, especially when there is no evidence of tumor outside the posterior fossa.Electron beam radiation of the spinal component can decrease the dose to some of the normal structures and prevent some of the long-term sequelae.
(8) PEEP at two different levels (10 and 20 cmH2O) was applied to the following groups: animals with neuraxis intact (I group, n = 12); vagal and aortic nerve denervated animals with carotid sinus nerves intact (V group, n = 6); carotid sinus denervated animals with vagal and aortic nerves intact (SD group, n = 6); and carotid sinus denervated animals also having severed vagal and aortic nerves (SAV group, n = 12).
(9) Previous studies not using cell markers have concluded that the craniocaudal level of the induced neuraxis is determined by the age of the donor, that is, young donors induce cranial neuraxial levels, whereas old donors induce caudal levels.
(10) Abnormalities in the structure of cells, primarily of the dendrites, are observed in portions of the neuraxis, such as the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortices.
(11) This degree of massive neuraxial spread without systemic metastases appears to be unique.
(12) Estradiol and progestin receptors were studied in 20 patients with neuraxial Schwann cell tumors, and their presence was correlated to the clinicopathologic features and the amount of preoperative corticosteroid therapy.
(13) The purpose of this study is to provide a complete map of brain macrophage and microglia distribution in all regions of the neuraxis from birth to sexual maturity.
(14) Patients with germ cell or radiosensitive tumors were treated with a uniform policy of whole neuraxis radiotherapy giving 50 Gy to the local tumor and 30 Gy to the remaining brain and spinal cord.
(15) These unique sarcomas may be confused with vascular lesions and have not been found to spread through the neuraxis.
(16) Pathologic lesions were microscopic and consisted of widespread vacuolation of the neuraxis, chiefly in white matter and less markedly in grey matter.
(17) The following annotation presents an overview of recent investigations which have shown: that peripheral nerve grafts can stimulate axonal outgrowth in many descending and ascending fibre populations of the injured spinal cord and that central nervous system (CNS) implants, derived from segmental and supraspinal levels of the embryonic neuraxis, may likewise have the potential for promoting repair of damaged intraspinal neural circuitries in adult and neonatal recipients.
(18) The main objective of the work was to define the degree of concordance and the anatomical localization of maximal vascular permeability change and fibrin deposition within the neuraxis of recipient rats during the earliest expression of clinical manifestations of the disease.
(19) Congenital arachnoid cyst must be distinguished from various cystic lesions within the central nervous system, including the neuroepithelial cyst which can arise throughout the neuraxis.
(20) Following CxCAO in animals with neuraxis intact, no significant alterations of SNA occurred despite the significant fall in mean blood pressure (MBP).