(n.) The interbrain or thalamencephalon; -- sometimes abbreviated to dien. See Thalamencephalon.
Example Sentences:
(1) The data show, at an early stage of development (primary cultures, 8-10 days), a modulation of VIP- or forskolin-cyclic AMP response by the activators of protein kinase C, i.e., PMA and OAG, in two different structures of the central nervous system: the cerebral cortex and the diencephalon.
(2) The major cerebral lobes, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, cerebellar tonsils, and spinal cord were studied.
(3) Effects of noxious electrical tooth stimulations and intraarterial administration of bradykinin or inhalation of volatile anesthetics on substance P content in the diencephalon-mesencephalon, pons-medulla and the spinal cord were examined in the rat.
(4) The activity of glycerophosphorylcholine phosphodiesterases was determined in the mesencephalon, diencephalon, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and olfactory bulb during postnatal development from P5 to P70 of rat brain.
(5) On the vertebral angiogram, displacement of these vessels is a sign of corresponding displacement of the temporal horn, which in turn is an indication of a mass involving the temporal lobe, diencephalon, or midbrain.
(6) See-saw nystagmus has been seen with tumors of the parasellar region and diencephalon, brain-stem vascular lesions, syringobulbia, and after trauma.
(7) Levels of acetylcholine were significantly elevated in the telencephalon and diencephalon + mesencephalon of rats killed by near-freezing during conditioned suppression of food-reinforced lever pressing, whereas levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine were not altered.
(8) Although the general distribution of CA cell bodies in human diencephalon observed in the present study is similar to that in other mammals, there are some significant differences.
(9) On Northern analysis, the probe identified a single species of mRNA of approximately 2.9 kb, present at highest levels in the striatum but also found in the brainstem, neocortex and diencephalon.
(10) The present study has demonstrated a much wider and more abundant distribution of NPYI structures in the forebrain and diencephalon than earlier studies in which antisera against avian pancreatic polypeptide or bovine pancreatic polypeptide were used, suggesting that NPY is involved in a variety of brain functions.
(11) The analgesic effect of cyclazocine microinjected into the diencephalon of rats was studied by using the bradykinin-induced flexor reflex test.
(12) ACh levels in the cortex, corpus striatum, midbrain, diencephalon and brainstem of TD rats were comparable to those observed in the control groups.
(13) Moreover, the presence of 5HT- and OX-immunoreactive processes in contiguity with medullary CA cells that send fibers to the diencephalon indicates that the raphe nuclei and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus can directly influence ascending pathways that are known to innervate the hypothalamus and appear to effect changes in vasopressin release.
(14) Recently, cerebellar and retinal connections of the diencephalon in mormyrids were reported.
(15) This paper reports a study of the development of cells that project to the retina from the telencephalic nucleus olfactoretinalis and the diencephalon.
(16) Rats after adrenalectomy-testectomy showed a gradual increase in diencephalon 3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid: (acceptor) delta4-oxidoreductase (5 alpha-reductase) activity for 3 days.
(17) The results indicate that neurons in several distinct areas of the caudal diencephalon and brainstem are both immunocytochemically labeled for GABA and retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase.
(18) Retinae from embryonic mice were transplanted to the occipital cortex of neonatal rats together with their normal target regions, tectum or diencephalon, from embryonic mice or rats.
(19) Glycine receptors were concentrated in the lower brainstem, whereas no immunoreactivity was observed in the diencephalon and forebrain except in a few diencephalic nuclei.
(20) The current study used light microscopic immunocytochemistry to demonstrate and compare neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-IR) in the diencephalon of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) at different stages in its annual cycle of activity and hibernation.
Telencephalon
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) The telencephalon of teleost fish shows high affinity uptake for D-[3H]aspartate, intermediate levels of GABAergic markers and low levels of cholinergic enzymes.
(2) Numerous CA fibers which are first observed at the level of the preoptic area, ascend through the central zone of the telencephalon and arborize profusely particularly within the medial zone of area dorsalis telencephali.
(3) AR and ER mRNA-containing neurons were widely distributed in the rat brain, with the greatest densities of cells in the hypothalamus, and in regions of the telencephalon that provide strong inputs in the medial preoptic and ventromedial nuclei, each of which is thought to play a key role in mediating the hormonal control of copulatory behavior, as well as in the lateral septal nucleus, the medial and cortical nuclei of the amygdala, the amygdalohippocampal area, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.
(4) Injections of horseradish peroxidase into the telencephalon retrogradely labeled neurons ipsilaterally in various thalamic, preglomerular, and tuberal nuclei, the nucleus of the locus coeruleus (also contralaterally), the superior raphe, and portions of the nucleus lateralis valvulae.
(5) Naloxone-displaceable binding was observed in all regions of the brain, with a density ranking order of cerebellum greater than telencephalon greater than optic tectum greater than hypothalamus greater than brain stem greater than pituitary gland.
(6) The histologic and ultrastructural appearance of the telencephalon of the normal 21-day guinea-pig foetus was described for comparative purposes.
(7) Within the telencephalon, chronic but not acute treatment with T3 or T4 selectively increased dopamine (DA) utilization within the diffuse type of DA nerve terminal systems of the nucleus accumbens.
(8) High-energy radiation bombardment of intact frozen telencephalon resulted in a biphasic inactivation curve for [3H]AMPA binding.
(9) M cells were located at the ventralmost region of the junction between the olfactory bulb and telencephalon, while L cells were scattered more rostrally along the ventromedial surface of the olfactory bulb.
(10) Levels of acetylcholine were significantly elevated in the telencephalon and diencephalon + mesencephalon of rats killed by near-freezing during conditioned suppression of food-reinforced lever pressing, whereas levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine were not altered.
(11) Some immunopositive cells were detected in the rostral telencephalon but not caudal to the telencephalon.
(12) Extensive plexuses of TH-positive nerve terminals were found in many parts of the telencephalon, mainly confined to the subcortical and limbic cortical structures.
(13) Areas rich in [3H]-SP binding were located in the ventral telencephalon, in the entire hypothalamic and thalamic region, in the midbrain tegmentum, in the optic tectum, in the valvulla cerebelli and in the medulla oblongata.
(14) The earliest generated cells of the cat's telencephalon that may play a role in the formation of the primary visual cortex are the subject of this study.
(15) The performance of tadpoles and juvenile frogs on a battery of behavioral tests was compared before and after tectotomy, removal of the telencephalon (decerebration), tectotomy in conjunction with decerebration, or before and after a sham operation.
(16) Previous work has shown that aggregate cultures prepared from fetal rat telencephalon and grown in a chemically defined medium offer a useful model to study developmental processes such as myelin synthesis.
(17) Norepinephrine (NE) levels in the hypothalamus and telencephalon of genetically obese mice with the OBOB and DBDB mutations are significantly higher than those of their lean littermates.
(18) We tested the contribution of GABAergic inhibition to the response characteristics of 213 neurons in the auditory telencephalon of chronically prepared nonanesthetized chickens.
(19) Three groups of immunoreactive neurons were identified: the first, in the telencephalon, is a paired group of cells scattered near the two telencephalic ventricles; the second group lies near the preoptic recess; the third group occurs in the ventral wall of the infundibulum.
(20) In the telencephalon, the nucleus of the diagonal band and the medial prefrontal cortex contained retrogradely labelled neurons ipsilateral to the TLD injection site.