(n.) The deflection and decomposition of light in passing by the edges of opaque bodies or through narrow slits, causing the appearance of parallel bands or fringes of prismatic colors, as by the action of a grating of fine lines or bars.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thin films (OD approximately 0.7) of glucose-embedded membranes, prepared as a control, showed virtually 100% conversion to the M state, and stacks of such thin film specimens gave very similar x-ray diffraction patterns in the bR568 and the M412 state in most experiments.
(2) The electron spectroscopic diffraction (ESD) mode of operation of an energy-filtering electron microscope offers the possibility of being able to avoid the background from inelastic scattering in selected-area electron diffraction patterns.
(3) The calculation, based on analytical expression derived by Cowley, has been shown previously to give an almost quantitative description of kinematical diffraction from linear chain systems.
(4) X-ray diffraction spectrum of 1:8 coprecipitate (COPPT) showed no crystalline structure of AD.
(5) A laser diffraction technique has been developed for registering small changes in sarcomere length.
(6) The crystals diffract to at least 2.2 A Bragg spacing and are stable to x-rays.
(7) The crystals grown at 5 degrees C did not diffract X-rays, while those grown at 18 degrees C and 37 degrees C did.
(8) Optical diffraction measurements on electron micrographs of the bend demonstrate that the axostyle tubules slide over one another and that the tubules on the inside of a bend usually contract, sometimes by as much as 25%.
(9) In contrast, the number of substructural lines within the diffraction maxima is large even for microscopically homogeneous fibers.
(10) Each sarcomere position is stored in a three-dimensional (3-D) matrix array from which Fraunhofer light diffraction patterns have been calculated using numerical methods based on Fourier transforms.
(11) X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystals showed a diffraction pattern characteristic of struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate).
(12) Crystallinity of the hydroxyapatites, measured by X-ray diffraction peak broadening as full width at the half-maximum value (FWHM), increased with the synthesis temperature, although HAP500 showed a decrease.
(13) A systemic formalism is developed that shows how the results for absolute specific volumes of multilamellar lipid dispersions may be combined with results from diffraction studies to obtain quantitative characterizations of the average structure of fully hydrated lipid bilayers.
(14) Diffraction rings below Tc indicate the existence of solid lipid domains.
(15) One lattice was trigonal, as in purple membrane, and showed a high-resolution electron diffraction pattern from glucose-sustained patches.
(16) The crystal structures of Forms A, B, and C were further analyzed using the X-ray diffraction method, and the results are discussed in comparison with the thermal behavior of the crystalline forms.
(17) The structure of native bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A, without the inhibitory sulfate anion normally bound at the active site, has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 1.53-A resolution.
(18) All but two patients noted monocular diplopia; in three patients this was so intolerable that the diffractive lens was explanted and exchanged for a monofocal lens, following which the visual acuity improved by an average of two Snellen lines and complaints of monocular diplopia disappeared.
(19) The crystalline-like structure of horizontally sectioned Langerhans cell granules has been studied by optical diffraction.
(20) We have also obtained diffraction patterns attributable to the protein envelopes of the corneocytes.
Refraction
Definition:
(n.) The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.
(n.) The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different density from that through which it has previously moved.
(n.) The change in the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates, arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction.
(n.) The correction which is to be deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true altitude.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the group of high myopia (over 20 D), the mean correction was 13.4 D. In the group with refraction between 0 and 6 D, 88% of the eyes treated had attained a correction between -1 and +1 D 3 months postoperatively.
(2) The molar refractivity has been shown to be a superior parameter for the description of the activity of sulphonamides than the sum of electronegativities of atoms making up a heterocyclic substituent in the sulphonamide molecule and molecular weight of the substituent.
(3) A new approach is presented to the refractive procedure by adding observation, both surreptitious and direct, as an adjunct, an aid and a supplement to differential diagnosis in a refractive examination and in visual analysis.
(4) Dioptric aniseikonia was calculated between 1 month and 24 months after surgery (with Gruber's and Huber's computer program) on the basis of most recently obtained values (bulb axis length, depth of the anterior chamber, lens thickness, necessary refraction), and compared with subjective measurements taken with the phase difference haploscope.
(5) These versions offer different advantages and are selected according to the particular field of application and the refraction of the surgeon.
(6) The refraction of his mild hyperopic eyes (+0,5 dpt) changed to -5,5 dpt and the intraocular pressure increased to 40 mm Hg in the right and 42 mm Hg in the left eye.
(7) These observations suggest that refractive anomalies such as anisometropia that limit high frequency spatial resolution and binocular integration can present a major obstacle to the postnatal development of binocular vision.
(8) A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effect of recipient-donor trephine disparity on refractive error and corneal curvature post-suture removal in keratoconus.
(9) Scientists and clinicians concerned with underwater vision have not considered the relationship between chromatic aberration, water color, and the refractive state of the eye.
(10) As the refractive status changes a curve is traced out on the graph.
(11) The change in refractive astigmatism was as high as 1.50DC (diopter cylinder).
(12) There is a problem in this approach if the angle between the direction of tracked beam and the direction of tracking translation is not zero due to refraction or other effects.
(13) We find good agreement between the model calculations and the experimental results indicating that edge birefringence can be attributed to the change in polarization of light that is refracted and reflected by dielectric interfaces.
(14) The corneal sensibility was examined with the aesthesiometer of Draeger in 41 patients after refractive corneal surgery, 31 patients after radial keratotomy, 5 after epikeratophakia, 5 after excimer laser ablation.
(15) Extraordinarily wide angles were observed in all cases and myopia was a common refractive error.
(16) There was no connection between the cholesterol level, refraction or visual acuity.
(17) The refractive changes in 84 children (155 eyes) following horizontal strabismus surgery and in 97 children (181 eyes) without surgical intervention were studied.
(18) Refractive error and the ocular refractive components have heritabilities intermediate between zero and one, as complied from several studies, indicating familial resemblance, but also non-genetic variation.
(19) Approximately 75% of repeat autorefractor measurements were within 0.50 D of the initial readings, and about 75% of measurements were within 1.00 D of the manual refractions.
(20) The refractive index profile in the equatorial plane of bovine lenses from over a wide age range is presented.