(a.) Having the sexes in two separate individuals; -- applied to plants in which the female flowers occur on one individual and the male flowers on another of the same species, and to animals in which the ovum is produced by one individual and the sperm cell by another; -- opposed to monoecious.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results apply to a dioecious population if the migration pattern and mutation rate are sex independent.
(2) The population is assumed to be infinite dioecious with nonoverlapping discrete generations and random mating.
(3) It is argued that the genome of R. acetosa is undergoing rapid reorganisation on this small island which may be associated with an enforced shift towards inbreeding in this dioecious species.
(4) The above results apply to autosomal loci in monoecious (with or without selfing) and dioecious populations and to X-linked loci.
(5) Seven centric shifts and three reciprocal interchanges, all newly-arisen in natural populations, have been tested for their inheritance in the dioecious flowering plant Rumex acetosa.
(6) Staurotypus does not confirm to the general model of sex chromosome evolution for diploid dioecious organisms.
(7) Thus the cost of sex in gynodioecious populations is (with a low level of selfing) as high as in a dioecious population.
(8) The technique has been successful in both dioecious and monoecious families with short chromosomes.
(9) Fluke LSU rRNA has significant sequence homology to mosquito mitochondria LSU rRNA and is more closely related to the mitochondrial rRNA of hermaphroditic than dioecious trematodes.
(10) Weak selection at a single mutiallelic locus in a dioecious population is analysed under the assumptions of panmixia and discrete non-overlapping generations.
(11) is fertilized by small biflagellate spermatozoids and both monoecious and dioecious species are found.
(12) This situation contrasts with the one described for another heterosporous haploid dioecious pteridophyte, Marsilea vestita, where nucleocytoplasmic interaction has been interpreted as the de novo creation of plastids and mitochondria following the elimination by autophagy of the organelles inherited at meiosis.
(13) Discrete, nonoverlapping generations are posited for autosomal and X-linked loci in dioecious populations, but monoecious populations are studied in both discrete and continuous time.
(14) The mean fitness is the product of the mean fertility and the mean viability; in dioecious populations, the latter is the unweighted geometric mean of the mean viabilities of the two sexes.
(15) Properties of identity relation between genes are discussed, and a derivation of recurrent equations of identity coefficients in a random mating, diploid dioecious population is presented.
(16) Chromosome analyses of 227 mature plants of the dioecious species Rumex acetosa collected on the small island of Skomer have revealed an extremely high level of unique and polymorphic variation.
(17) Study of the reproductive anatomy in 65 strobilae of the dioecious cestode Shipleya inermis Fuhrmann, 1908 (Acoleata: Dioecocestidae) showed that a common genital duct, probably arising through fusion of the vas deferens and the proximal portion of the vaginal duct, compensated functionally for the loss of a patent vagina.
(18) Using adequate definitions of mean fitnesses in general contexts of frequency-dependent selection in dioecious populations, we show that two phenotypes, when they can coexist in the population, tend to balance their fitnesses as far as is allowed by the genetic system as more alleles responsible for phenotype determination are introduced into the population.
(19) The plant is dioecious with very reduced male and female flowers.
Monoecious
Definition:
(a.) Having the sexes united in one individual, as when male and female flowers grow upon the same individual plant; hermaphrodite; -- opposed to dioecious.
Example Sentences:
(1) The equivalent monoecious fitnesses must be calculated by weighting each sex by the number of genes carried by an individual at the locus under consideration.
(2) A very general partial differential equation in space and time satisfied by the gene frequency in a monoecious population distributed continuously over an arbitrary habitat is derived.
(3) A continuous time selection model is formulated for a diploid monoecious population with multiple alleles at each of an arbitrary number of loci, incorporating differential fertility and mortality as well as arbitrary mating and age structure.
(4) Results are obtained for populations in drift and mutation balance, for infinite populations undergoing mixed self and random mating, and for finite monoecious populations with or without selfing.
(5) The above results apply to autosomal loci in monoecious (with or without selfing) and dioecious populations and to X-linked loci.
(6) Some stochastic theory is developed for monoecious populations of size N in which there are probabilities beta and 1 - beta of reproduction by selfing and by random mating.
(7) In a survey of the gonads of 97 species of North American freshwater mussels representing 59 genera, only four species were found to be hermaphroditic (monoecious).
(8) The technique has been successful in both dioecious and monoecious families with short chromosomes.
(9) The ultimate rate and pattern of approach to equilibrium of a diploid, monoecious population subdivided into a finite number of equal, large, panmictic colonies are calculated.
(10) We study the behavior of cytonuclear disequilibria in a finite monoecious population due to (1) random drift alone, (2) random drift and mutation, and (3) random drift and migration, using exact results on the RUZ (Random Union of Zygotes) model and diffusion approximations.
(11) is fertilized by small biflagellate spermatozoids and both monoecious and dioecious species are found.
(12) Discrete, nonoverlapping generations are posited for autosomal and X-linked loci in dioecious populations, but monoecious populations are studied in both discrete and continuous time.
(13) Generations are discrete and nonoverlapping; the monoecious population mates at random.
(14) The effects of ID on the additive by additive (a*a) epistatic variance and joint dominance component between populations and in the additive, dominance and a*a variance within populations, including the effects on covariances of relatives within populations, were studied for finite monoecious populations.
(15) Effects and variances are defined for an initial equilibrium random mating monoecious population that gives rise to replicate finite populations.
(16) Diffusion approximations are established for the multiallelic, two-locus Wright-Fisher model for mutation, selection, and random genetic drift in a finite, panmictic, monoecious, diploid population.
(17) Assuming age-independent fertilities and mortalities and random mating, continuous-time models for a monoecious population are investigated for weak selection.
(18) O(s)), where s is the selection intensity, the population evolves as if it were monoecious.
(19) The monoecious, diploid population is subdivided into panmictic colonies that exchange migrants.
(20) Application of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid (120 to 240 parts per million) to monoecious cucumber plants when the first true leaf was 2 centimeters in diameter has resulted in as many as 19 continuous pistillate nodes.