What's the difference between dip and trough?

Dip


Definition:

  • (v. t.) To plunge or immerse; especially, to put for a moment into a liquid; to insert into a fluid and withdraw again.
  • (v. t.) To immerse for baptism; to baptize by immersion.
  • (v. t.) To wet, as if by immersing; to moisten.
  • (v. t.) To plunge or engage thoroughly in any affair.
  • (v. t.) To take out, by dipping a dipper, ladle, or other receptacle, into a fluid and removing a part; -- often with out; as, to dip water from a boiler; to dip out water.
  • (v. t.) To engage as a pledge; to mortgage.
  • (v. i.) To immerse one's self; to become plunged in a liquid; to sink.
  • (v. i.) To perform the action of plunging some receptacle, as a dipper, ladle. etc.; into a liquid or a soft substance and removing a part.
  • (v. i.) To pierce; to penetrate; -- followed by in or into.
  • (v. i.) To enter slightly or cursorily; to engage one's self desultorily or by the way; to partake limitedly; -- followed by in or into.
  • (v. i.) To incline downward from the plane of the horizon; as, strata of rock dip.
  • (v. i.) To dip snuff.
  • (n.) The action of dipping or plunging for a moment into a liquid.
  • (n.) Inclination downward; direction below a horizontal line; slope; pitch.
  • (n.) A liquid, as a sauce or gravy, served at table with a ladle or spoon.
  • (n.) A dipped candle.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) A J-shaped relationship with a dip at the middle SBP (140-149 mmHg) was recognized between treated SBP and CVD.
  • (2) S&P – the only one of the three major agencies not to have stripped the UK of its coveted AAA status – said it had been surprised at the pick-up in activity during 2013 – a year that began with fears of a triple-dip recession.
  • (3) "Android’s gain came mainly at the expense of BlackBerry, which saw its global smartphone share dip from 4 percent to 1 percent in the past year due to a weak line-up of BB10 devices," said Strategy Analytics' senior analyst Scott Bicheno.
  • (4) The dip-strip home cultures are an effective way for screening or follow-up of patients with bacteriuria.
  • (5) A further 26 herds (iiii) which did not employ iodine-containing teat-dips, were also studied.
  • (6) According to a survey by Deloitte of corporate finance officers, there is a danger of a "triple-dip recession" within the next two years, with companies cutting back rather than expanding.
  • (7) a digital processing (DIP) method for assessing bone mass was developed on the basis of image analysis of roentgenograms.
  • (8) The shares fell 45% on his watch, with an especially big dip coming after the Autonomy deal was announced.
  • (9) It therefore seems inevitable that the region will have fallen back into a new recession in the third quarter And here's a summary of the data, showing that only two countries expanded: Ireland: 51.8 (2-month high) The Netherlands: 50.7 (13-month high) Germany: 47.4 (6-month high) Italy: 45.7 (6-month high) Austria: 45.1 (39-month low) Spain: 44.5 (6 month low) France: 42.7 (41-month low) Greece: 42.2 (4-month high) 9.07am BST EUROZONE RECESSION ALL BUT CERTAIN The eurozone's manufacturing sector shrank again in September, making a double-dip recession all but certain.
  • (10) The striking weakness of Clegg's thesis was what it left out in its attempt to carve out a position for restless party activists as their poll ratings dip (down to 14% according to ICM) as Miliband tones down his own anti-Lib Dem rhetoric to woo them.
  • (11) Viable spleen cells collected 7 days after irradiation were totally unresponsive to mitogenic or antigenic stimulation regardless of Cu-DIPS or vehicle treatment, suggesting that Cu-DIPS did not prevent radiation-induced damage to mature lymphocytes.
  • (12) Demographic factors could also be behind any dip in applications.
  • (13) Total UK ad spend hit a previous high of £13.1bn in 2007 before dipping to £11.3bn in 2009 following the credit crunch and ensuing recession.
  • (14) Measles was diagnosed by isolation of measles virus by cell culture, direct immunoperoxidase (DIP), direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and ELISA.
  • (15) Aliquots of saliva from 50 schoolchildren and 51 adults were tested by the dip-slide method and by conventional plating methods in MSB agar.
  • (16) With time and sufficient promotion by pH fluctuations or metal-complexing agents, DIP and LAS expand.
  • (17) The last few months have seen the former secretary of state dogged by a relentless focus over her use of a private email server , dipping favorabillity numbers and the rise of Bernie Sanders, the socialist senator who is challenging her for the Democratic party’s nomination.
  • (18) Real wages are falling, household incomes have dipped and GDP per person is still some way off its pre-downturn peak.
  • (19) This is clinically significant and offers new possibilities for treatment of the so-called "morning dip."
  • (20) DIP was shown to inhibit phosphodiesterase (PDE) from both platelets and bovine coronary arteries.

Trough


Definition:

  • (n.) A long, hollow vessel, generally for holding water or other liquid, especially one formed by excavating a log longitudinally on one side; a long tray; also, a wooden channel for conveying water, as to a mill wheel.
  • (n.) Any channel, receptacle, or depression, of a long and narrow shape; as, trough between two ridges, etc.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) These observations were confirmed by the killing curves in pooled serum obtained at peak and trough levels.
  • (2) Plasma aldosterone peaked (p < 0.05) at 22 hours after operation, and argine vasopressin peaked (p < 0.05) at two hours and then declined (p < 0.05) to a trough at 24 hours.
  • (3) Our observations demonstrated that echographic coaptation of the aortic valve leaflets coincides with the trough of the aortic pressure incisura and the onset of A2.
  • (4) The goal of the expedition, led by Prof Ken Takai of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, was to study the limits of life at deep-sea vents in the Cayman Trough as part of a round-the-world voyage of discovery by the research ship RV Yokosuka .
  • (5) IDDM in Canterbury, New Zealand, presents in cycles of incidence peaks and troughs, each spanning 2-3 yr.
  • (6) No IgE circadian rhythm was validated in healthy children while a large amplitude (approximately equal to 30% of the 24 hours mean) circadian rhythm with 2 diurnal peaks and a nocturnal trough was demonstrated (P less than 0.0023) in the asthmatics.
  • (7) Trough levels of LH, however, are dependent on the frequency of LHRH-induced pulsatile LH secretion.
  • (8) Appropriate conditions for administering the drug by intravenous drip infusion to neonates and infants at ages of more than 1 week were investigated taking observed blood levels and achieved peak levels and trough levels calculated using the one-compartment open model into account.
  • (9) Dose limiting toxicities were observed in 9 of 10 patients with 12-h trough piritrexim concentrations greater than 0.5 microM, whereas only 2 of 7 patients with trough concentrations less than 0.5 microM experienced dose limiting toxicities.
  • (10) Both free and luciferase-bound B show similar negative circular dichroism in the region 330-475 nm with troughs at 375 and 380 nm, respectively.
  • (11) Whole blood steady-state trough concentrations of cyclosporine were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and TDx assays employing monoclonal antibodies in 82 samples from 39 renal transplant patients.
  • (12) Regression analysis also showed a strong relationship between the area under the curve (AUC) from time 0 to 11 hours after the initial dose and the trough at steady state (r = 0.86).
  • (13) algebraic sum of these three cosine functions yielded a circadian waveform with peak-times occurring near 0300 and 1130 hr and a trough-time about 2200 hr.
  • (14) Group I represented the modified "over-the-top" technique with a deep cancellous bone trough and represented the most isometric tracking.
  • (15) Circular dichroic spectra of the lipophorins and apolipophorin from 190 to 250 nm showed a single trough at 218 nm and a peak at 194 nm.
  • (16) • The best ideas are tested by their peaks and troughs.
  • (17) During the estrous cycle, mitotic activity of the granulosa cells was highest at estrus in follicles less than 601 micron, and at diestrus in follicles greater than 600 micron; while the mitotic trough was at proestrus in all the follicles.
  • (18) Data analysis revealed a seasonal pattern in the monthly distribution of births, with the peak period observed during April-June, and a trough during November-January.
  • (19) The issues in CsA monitoring include selection of sample matrix, analytical method, dosing interval and the timing of trough measurements, the temporal relationship between measurements and physiological events such as toxicity, the concurrent presence of multiple other immunosuppressive agents, and the lack of "gold standards" for determining rejection, adequate immunosuppression, and toxicity.
  • (20) The addition of LTB4 to the microsomal fraction gave a type-I spectral change with a peak at around 390 nm and a trough at 422 nm, indicating a direct interaction of LTB4 with the cytochrome P-450.

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